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and human disease, 308. Midges (Chironomidae), 310. Black-flies (Simuliidae), 

 313. Net-winged midges (Blepharoceridae), 314. Dixidae, 318. Moth-flies 

 (Psychodidae), 319. Crane-flies (Tipulidae), 321. Gall-midges (Cecidomyidae), 

 322. Fungus-flies (Mycetophilidae), 324. March-flies (Bibionidae), 325. 

 Orphnephilidae and Rhyphidae, 327. Section Brachycera, 327. Key to 

 families, 327. Horse-flies (Tabanidae), 328. Soldier-flies (Stratiomyidae), 

 329. Snipe-flies (Leptidae), 330. Midas flies (Midaidae), 330. Robber-flies 

 (Asilidae), 330. Key to families of Brachycera, 332. Bee-flies (Bombyliidae), 

 333. Dance-flies (Empididae), 334. Long-legged flies (Dolichopodidae), 335. 

 Wasp-flies (Conopidae), 336. Bot-flies (Oestridae), 337. Flower-flies (Syrphi- 

 d 36 ). 339- Calyptrate Muscidae, 341. Key to subfamilies, 341. House-flies, 

 etc., 342. Tachina flies, 345. Acalyptrate Muscidas, 346. Ephydridze, Pio- 

 philidae, Drosophilidae, Trypetidae, Oscinidae, etc., 347. Suborder Pupipara, 

 351. Key to families, 351. Sheep-ticks, bat -ticks, bee-lice, etc., 351. Order 

 Siphonaptera, 353. Fleas, 353. Key to families, 355. 



CHAPTER XIV 



MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES (ORDER LEPIDOPTERA) 358 



Structural characteristics, 358. Life-history, 360. Classification into sub- 

 orders, 364. Key to superfamilies and families of moths, 367. Jugate moths 

 (Micro pterygidae), 371. Ghost-moths (Hepialidae), 372. Microlepidoptera, 374. 

 Clothes-moths (Tineidae), 374. Pryalidina, 376. Plume-moths and others 

 (Pterophoridae), 377. Close-wings (Crambidae), 377. Meal-moths, flour-moths, 

 bee-moths, and others (Pyralidae), 378. Leaf-rollers (Tortricidae), 379. Flannel- 

 moths (Megalopygidae), 383. Slug-caterpillar moths (Eucleidae), 384. Car- 

 penter-moths (Cossidae), 385. Bag-worm moths (Psychidae), 385. Smoky- 

 moths (Pyromorphidae), 386. Clear-wing moths (Sesiidas), 388. Puss-moths, 

 handmaid-moths, prominents, etc. (Notodontidae), 392. Inchworm-moths 

 (Geometrina), 395. Owlet-moths (Noctuidae), 399. Tussock-moths (Lyman- 

 triidae), 404. Oak-moths (Dioptidae), 407. Pericopidae, 407. Wood-nymph 

 moths (Agaristidae), 407. Footman-moths (Lithosiidae), 409. Zygaenid moths 

 (Syntomidas), 410. Tiger-moths (Arctiidae), 411. Tent-caterpillar moths 

 (Lasiocampidae), 415. Bombyx moths (Saturniina), 417. Silkworm-moths, 

 418. Mulberry silkworm, 429. Sphinx-moths (Sphingidae), 431. Butterflies, 

 439. Key to families of butterflies, 441. Giant-skippers (Megathymidae), 441. 

 Skipper-butterflies (Hesperidae), 442. Blues, coppers, and hair-streaks (Lycae- 

 nidae), 443. Cabbage-butterflies and others (Pieridae), 444. Swallow-tails 

 (Papilionidae), 446. Brush-footed butterflies (Nymphalidae), 450. 



CHAPTER XV 



SAW-FLIES, GALL-FLIES, ICHNEUMONS, WASPS, BEES, AND ANTS (ORDER HYMEN- 



OPTERA) 459 



Structural characteristics, 459. Life-history, 461. Key to superfamilies and 

 families, 463. Saw-flies and slugs (Tenthredinidae), 464. Horntails (Siricidae), 

 466. Gall-flies (Cynipidae), 467. Parasitic Hymenoptera (Proctotrypoidae, 

 Chalcidiidae, Ichneumonidae), 477. Fig-insects, 487. Wasps, solitary and social, 

 490. Classification into superfamilies and families, 400. Habits and instincts 



