6io 



Color and Pattern and their Uses 



Weismann, and others. Shelford,* in an extended account of mimicry as 

 exemplified among the insects of Borneo, refers to and illustrates many striking 

 examples among the beetles, the Hemiptera, Diptera, Orthoptera, Neurop- 

 tera, and moths: distasteful Lycid beetles are closely mimicked by other 

 beetles, by Hemiptera, and by moths; distasteful ladybird-beetles are mim- 

 icked by Hemiptera, Orthoptera, and by other beetles; stinging Hymen- 



FIG. 795. The monarch butterfly, Anosia plexippus (above), distasteful to birds, and 

 the viceroy, Basilarchia archippus (below), which mimics it. 



optera are mimicked by stingless Hymenoptera, by beetles, flies, bugs, and 

 moths. Poulton and Marshall, in their account of mimicry among South 

 African insects, publish many colored plates revealing most striking resem- 

 blances between insects, well defended by inedibility or defensive weapons, 

 and their mimickers. 



Our space unfortunately prevents any specific consideration of these 

 various interesting cases. 



The special conditions under which mimicry exists have been studied and 

 are of extreme interest. It is obvious that the inedible or defended mimicked 

 form must be more abundant than the mimicker, so that the experi- 

 menting young bird or lizard may have several chances to one of getting an 



* Shelford, R. Observations on some Mimetic Insects and Spiders from Borneo 

 and Singapore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1902, pp. 230 et seq. 



