Animal as a Whole. 73 



oral tentacles are represented by the ciliary processes 

 and curtain of the iris ? Do the eyelids and eye- 

 lashes and eyebrows point to the outer ring or rings of 

 tentacles which in bryozoic polypes serve to close the 

 orifice by a lid or operculum when the polype is with- 

 drawn within its cell ? Does the eyeball tend to change 

 from the shape of the cell into that of a ring because it 

 is subject to the same law as that which causes the sea- 

 urchin and so many other radiate creatures to open out 

 at opposite poles into the mouth and vent ? Does the 

 chief chamber of the eye correspond to the stomachal 

 cavity of the simple polype, and by implication, to the 

 visceral cavity of the higher animals, vertebrate and in- 

 vertebrateto cavities, that is to say, between which the 

 very closest connection is easily traceable ? Is the 

 lens a modification of that nuclear body which may be 

 developed into that polype within the polype which is, 

 as it would seem, destined to become the visceral system 

 of creatures higher up in the scale of being than the 

 hydrozoic polypes ? Is the polype-type thus revealed 

 in the eye inherent in every part of the body, appen- 

 dicular and central ? Does the hand of man open out 

 into fingers and clasp upon another body because it 

 remembers its relationship to the polype ? Have the 

 humours of the eye anything in common with the 

 crude substance within the pith-cavity in plants, or with 

 that included within the bounds of the chorda dorsalis 

 in animals ? These questions, and others like them, 

 present themselves naturally, and have, as I think, some 

 claim to be answered affirmatively. Indeed, if it be as 

 true as it would seem to be that all parts of the body, 

 appendicular and central, are framed upon the same 

 archetypal plan, I do not see how they can be answered 

 otherwise. 



