10 THE CONTAMINATION OF MILK. 



sons. The milking machine increases rather than lessens the 

 possibility of ordinary contamination, -and, so long as rubber is 

 used in its construction, it cannot be regarded as a simple 

 means for avoiding contamination. 



Stable. The construction of the building and its condi- 

 tion as regards cleanliness are important factors in milk pro- 

 duction. The desirable sanitary features in a stable are those 

 contributing to easy cleaning, freedom from dust, good venti- 

 lation and abundant lighting. A one-story structure obviates 

 the undesirable features of the ordinary dusty ceiling with hay 



Fig. J, A convenient stable. 



loft above, and, further, usually contributes to better ventila- 

 tion. Conditions permitting draughts of air, which stir up 

 dust, are to be avoided: Fig. 3 shows a convenient stable. 

 Note the suspended railway track, by means of which the 

 manure is removed in 'buckets to a wagon. The railway is 

 used in a similar way to bring in feed. 



Floor. Cement is vastly preferable to wood as a floor, for it 

 cannot become saturated with filth to give rise to offensive 

 odors. By accurate construction of the gutter behind the 

 cows, drainage conditions may be made perfect. A rough 

 sandpaper finish obviates the danger of cows slipping. Planer 

 shavings (17), as bedding, offer the minimum of possibility 



