INSPECTION. 105 



in the improvement of the milk supply. In co-operation with 

 the Cleveland (Ohio) Chamber of Commerce, a city milk and 

 cream contest was held (ll). The entries in all classes were 

 judged with the assistance of score cards, A satisfactory 

 number of entries was made, and the interest in results con- 

 stituted a potent educational factor. 



Important features in dairy practice may be emphasized by 

 the use of posters printed on muslin, like that in Appendix E. 



Inspection of cows. The examination of the cows should in- 

 clude a manipulation of the udder in each case, for by this 

 means only can udder disease be detected. In suspicious 

 cases, a little milk should be drawn from each teat. Among 

 the conditions revealed may be acute mammitis, various skin 

 eruptions, external abscesses of the udder or teats, etc. Vary- 

 ing degrees of induration due to mammitis are not uncommon. 

 A very marked hardening of one or more quarters may be due 

 to tuberculosis, but the correctness of the suspicion is best 

 verified by a bacteriological "examination of the discharge, if 

 any is obtainable. Other objectionable conditions are more 

 easily recognized, such as the various inflammatory conditions 

 which, when neglected, give rise to offensive odors. It is the 

 general practice to keep such minor cases in the regular milk- 

 ing herd, and to neglect rather than treat the conditions. A 

 much more satisfactory arrangement would be afforded by 

 arranging a hospital, where all cows with disgusting affections 

 could be milked and treated. 



Inspection of dairy apparatus. Excellence of technic is of 

 fundamental importance in milk production, and the condition 

 of utensils, is an excellent index of the standard prevailing in 

 the dairy. The sources of contamination, with reference to 

 utensils and methods of avoiding them are discussed in Chap- 

 ters I and IX. There are certain pieces of dairy apparatus 

 that invite neglect in cleaning and merit particular attention. 

 Milk pumps, milking machines, bottling machines, rubber 

 pipe, faucets, metal pipes with elbows, rusty pails, strainers 

 (both metal and cloth) all are danger points with reference 

 to the contamination of milk. 



In the care of milk utensils is to be found the one great uni- 



