106 MUNICIPAL SANITARY CONTROL OF MILK. 



versal fault of ordinary dairymen ; namely, that the heating of 

 utensils after washing is not thoroughly done. 



Inspection of water supply. The source of the water supply 

 with reference to possible contamination by the germs of 

 typhoid fever is of great importance. There are many ways 

 in which contaminated water may become a source of danger 

 to milk. Deliberate watering of milk, accidental watering 

 through leaks in apparatus, or rinsing apparatus in cold water, 

 are some of the more common channels of contamination. 



If the supply is from a shallow dug well, its relation to the 

 privy or area where chamber slops are thrown out deserves 

 careful attention. The possibility of contamination by under- 

 ground drainage depends upon the character of the soil, the 

 slope of the land and the distance. It certainly is not asking 

 too much that the privy be at least 100 feet from the well un- 

 der any condition. The protection of the well from surface 

 drainage is important. Chickens will visit the privy vault if 

 they have opportunity, and then may go to the puddle of water 

 around the well for a drink. 



Driven wells offer similar dangers of contamination from 

 holes in casings, but in general furnish a more reliable source 

 of water. Springs and streams offer obvious possibilities for 

 contamination. Bolton (l, 2) has very thoroughly discussed 

 the subject of water supply for dairies and the bacteriological 

 examination of the same. 



Scope of inspection. .Every stage in the progress of milk from 

 the dairy to the consumer offers conditions necessitating sani- 

 tary supervision. Attention should be paid to milk at the 

 farm, during transportation to shipping point, at shipping 

 point, during railroad transportation, at the railroad station, 

 at the city dairy depot, on city wagons and in the retail store. 

 It is well to go even farther and instruct the consumer about 

 the care of milk. Methods of transportation attract particular 

 attention in relation to speed and means employed for refriger- 

 ation. The distributing milk depot offers opportunity for 

 re-infection from utensils or attendants. 



Tlie score card for city milk plants. The inspection of city 

 milk plants is likewise facilitated by the use of the score card. 



