18 VITREOUS ENAMELING 



Koepp, R., and Co. Production of enamels. English Patent 107,392, Mar. 

 28, 1916. /. Soc. Chem. Ind., 36, 963. The addition of cobalt, nickel, 

 manganese, copper or other oxide to an enamel greatly increases its ad- 

 hesion. 



Lotterhos, G. Enamels. Swiss Patent 72,174, Apr. 17, 1916. C. A. t 10, 

 2511. Low melting glazes containing flux are used as a substitute for 

 the fluxes containing boron. 



Lynde, Charles C. Production of stamped and enamel ware. Steel and Iron, 

 50, 211-5 (1916). 



Poste, Emerson P. Heat transmission of enamel. Trans. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 



18, 570-4; C. A., n, 284; J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 36, 718. 



Zinc sulfide as an opacifying agent. Keram. Rundschau, 24, 5, 29 (1916); 

 C. A., ii, 3106. Addition of not more than 5 per cent of zinc sulfide 

 produces opaque enamels. 



1917 



Continuous enameling and stoving machine for small parts. Engineering, 



103, 410 (1919); C. A., n, 2146. 

 Electric enameling ovens at Ford Plant. Eke. Rev. West. Elec. 71, 407-409 



(1917); C. A., n, 3450. Detailed account of a modern large scale en- 

 ameling installation. 

 Kretzer, H. Clouded enamels and glasses. Swiss Patent 73,471, May 1, 



1917. C. A., n, 3406. Silicon compounds of acid character are added 



to the enamel mass after melting and while grinding. 

 Later, E. P. Protective coatings; japans and enamels. Foundry, 45, 139-40 



(April, 1917). 

 Lotterhos, G. Enamel. Danish Patent 22,409, Sept. 3, 1917. C. A., 12, 



413. Borax is replaced by glass containing easily fusible fluxes. 

 Poste, Emerson P. Enamel surfaces under the microscope. Trans. Amer. 



Ceram. Soc., 19, 146-59 (1917); C. A., 12, 523; /. Soc. Chem. Ind., 37, 



513A. 

 Schaeffer, J. The use of zinc sulfide in white and luminous enamels. Keram. 



Rundschau, 25, 75; C. A., 12, 2677; J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 37, 584. In sheet 



steel enamels of suitable composition zinc sulfide is an excellent opacifier 



in the absence of metallic oxides which tend to decompose it. The opacity 



is equal to that produced by stannic oxide, but the enamels are not so 



white nor brilliant. 

 Scott, W. S.- The control of industrial heating units. Elec. J. 14, 252-254 



(1917); C. A., ii, 2618. An illustrated description of electrical units 



used hi ovens for japanning and enameling. 

 Shaw, J. B. American clays for floating enamels. Trans. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 



19, 339-60 (1917); J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 37, 512. 



Verein Chem. Fabrik Landau. White enameling. Swedish Patent 41,858, 

 Jan. 10, 1917. C. A., n, 1735. The clouding agent is an anhydrous 

 zirconium compound, poor in alkali, which is treated with salts of metals 

 whose hydroxides or oxides themselves produce clouding effects. 



