VITREOUS ENAMEUNG 15 



Schuler, A. J. Roughening of enamels. La Ceramiqut, 16, 239-40; C. A., 

 8, 224. Quartz, feldspar or kaolin is mixed with a cover compound of 

 earths or silicates and salts before application to the object. 



Shaw, J. B. Process of making sanitary ware. Trans. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 

 15,467-481; C. 4., 8, 807. 



Stanley, H. F., and Fisher, G. P. Leadless enamels. Trans. Amer. Ceram. 

 Soc., 15, 620-7; C. A ., 8, 805; /. Soc. Chem. Ind., 33, 80. Four good lead- 

 free enamels were produced. 



Weiss, L. Opaquing agents for enamels. French Patent 459,999, June 23, 

 1913. English Patent 14,632, June 24, 1913. C. A., 8, 2932; 9, 136; 

 /. Soc. Chem. Ind., 32, 1157. Fluorides or double fluorides of tin, anti- 

 mony, titanium, zirconium are used. The effect is increased by the pres- 

 ence of hydroxides of the alkalies and alkaline earths or of silicon com- 

 pounds. 



Westfalische Stanz- und Emailliewerke Akt. Ges. vorm. J. and H. Kerkamm. 

 Enamel glazes on iron. German Patent 289,103 Sept. 11. 1913. C. A., 

 10, 2511 ; J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 35, 424. Metal powder or dust is added to 

 the ordinary enamel glaze. 



Westfalische Stanz- und Emailliewerke Akt. Ges. vorm J. und H. Kerkamm. 

 Enamel glazes on iron. German Patent 290,054, Nov. 4, 1913. C. A., 

 io, 2792. Water soluble metallic compounds which decompose at the 

 enemeling temperature are used. 



Zahn, O. Muffle furnace for enameling. German Patent 267,801, Feb. 27, 

 1913. Addition to German Patent 263,518. 



Zahn, O. Process and firing oven, more especially applicable to enameling. 

 French Patent, 460,104, July 7, 1913. /. Soc. Chem. Ind., 33, 25. 



1914 



Baumann, Gebr. Apparatus for clouding enamels. German Patent 286,037, 



Apr. 22, 1914. C. A., io, 1701. 

 Berge, A. Enamel glazes free from lead and tin. Spxechsaal, 47, 339-41; 



C. A., 8, 3493; /. Soc. Chem. Ind., 33, 647. Antimony compounds are 



used as a substitute for the more costly tin oxide in producing opacity. 



Formulas are given. 

 Berndt, M . The status of cobalt in ground coat of sheet steel enamel. Keram . 



Rundschau, 1914, 262; Silikat-Z., 2, 160-1; C. A., 8, 3847. 

 Denmead, W. A. Hints on experimental enamel making. Trans. Amer. 



Ceram. Soc., 16, 445-53; C. A., 8, 3711. Practical guide for the produc- 



tion of enamels maturing at 700-1000. 

 Dichanz, G. Securing enameled metal plates to each other. German 



Patent 286,774, Nov. 13, 1914. C. A., io, 1587. 

 Don'ts relative to enameled iron ware. Metal Work, 82, 410-1 (Sept. 18, 



1914). 

 Eyer, Ph. Use of sodium silicofluoride in enamel glazes and in the glass 



industry. Glashutte, 44, 205-7(1914); C. A., 8, 2468. 



