14 VITREOUS ENAMELING 



Landau, Kreidl, Heller and Co. Covering masses for white enamels. French 

 Patent 456,335, Apr. 4, 1913. C. A., 8, 2047; /. Soc. Chem. 2nd., 32, 945. 



Landau, Kreidl, Heller and Co. Manufacture of white enamels. La Ceram- 

 ique, 16, 9-10; C. A., 7, 1961. 



Landau, Kreidl, Heller and Co. Opaquing agents for white enamels. English 

 Patent 17,998, Aug. 17, 1913. C. A., 9, 363. Highly basic compounds 

 or complexes of aluminium, tin, titanium or zirconium, containing a 

 small proportion of the radicals not refractory to heat. 



Landau, Kreidl, Heller and Co. White, particularly zircon, enamels. French 

 Patent 462,587, Sept. 16, 1913. German Patent 286,038, Oct. 25, 1912. 

 English Patent 17,998, Aug. 7, 1913. C A., 8, 3106; /. Soc. Chem. Ind., 

 33, 314, 921. 



Landau, Kreidl, Heller and Co. White enamel. French Patent 463,623, 

 Oct. 14, 1913. /. Soc. Chem. Ind., 33, 355; C. A., 8, 2788. 



Landau, Kreidl, Heller and Co. White enamel. Austrian Patent 4,677,009, 

 June 13, 1909. C. A., 7, 3209. 



Landau, Kreidl, Heller and Co. White enamel. French addition, 17,112 to 

 Patent 438,908, Jan. 18, 1913. C. A., 8, 411. Each hydrate unit gives 

 its highest effect with a certain alkali amount which must be ascertained 

 emperically. 



Landau, Kreidl, Heller and Co. White enamels and opacifiers for white 

 enamels. La Ceramique, 16, 238-40; C. A., 8, 224. The opacifying 

 effects of the metallic oxides are influenced by combinations with small 

 amounts of phosphoric acid. Combining water of hydration and alkali 

 or alkaline earths to the above phosphate further favorably influences 

 the opacifying effect. 



Landau, Kreidl, Heller and Co. White enamels of a zircon base. La Ceram- 

 ique, 16, 61-2; C. A., 7, 2671; La Ceramique, 17, 52-3; C. A., 8, 2233. 



Meyer, A. Enamel. English Patent 2,155, Jan. 27, 1913. C. A., 8, 2611. 



Meyer, A. Enameling. English Patent 2,279, Jan. 28, 1913. C. A., 8, 

 2612. Coats of enamel of increasing fusibility are applied over the anti- 

 oxide layer. 



Michel, R. Iridescent enamel. French Patent, Addition 17,326 to 455,064, 

 Feb. 7, 1913. C. A., 8, 2046. Glass or enamel ware, immediately after 

 production, is exposed at a suitable temperature to metal bromide vapors. 



Nailler, Raymond F. Art of enameling or the coating of iron and steel with 

 glass. Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., 35, 1479-92 (1913); Sci. Am. S., 76, 338-9; 

 Met. and Chem. Eng., n, 695-8; Iron Trade Rev., 53, 678-80; Iron Age, 92, 

 843-4 (1914); Foundry, 42, 7-10; Eng. Mag., 46, 603-5 (1914); C. A., 8, 

 805. Deals with the fundamentals of sheet steel and cast iron enamels. 



Removing enamels. Glashutte, 43, 326-7; C. A., 7, 3004. The use of sodium 

 hydroxide at 180 with 12 atmospheres pressure is suggested. 



Schuler, A. J. Process for dulling enamels. Canadian Patent 146,740, 

 Mar. 18, 1913. C. A., 7, 1792. A silicious material is mixed with the 

 covering mass and burned in a furnace on the article to be enameled. 



