V 



on the origin of his art. Combats of crickets. Parade 

 of butterflies. Sexual sense of orientation. The great- 

 peacock moth. Animals' submission to orders of Na- 

 ture. Transmutation of physical values. Rutting 

 calendar. 



XVI. POLYGAMY 141 



Rarity of monogamy. Taste for change in animals. 

 Roles of monogamy and polygamy in the stability or 

 instability of specific types. Strife of the couple 

 against polygamy. Couples among insects. Among 

 fish, batrachians, saurians. Monogamy of pigeons, of 

 nightingales. Monogamy in carnivora, in rodents. 

 Habits of the rabbit. The ichneumon. Unknown 

 causes of polygamy. Rarity and superabundance of 

 males. Polygamy in insects. In fish. In gallinaceae, 

 in web-footed birds. In herbivora. The antelope's 

 harem. Human polygamy. How it tempers the 

 couple among civilized races. 



XVH. LOVE AMONG SOCIAL ANIMALS 157 



Organization of reproduction among hymenoptera. 

 Bees. Wedding of the queen. Mother bee, cause and 

 consciousness of the hive. Sexual royalty. Limits of 

 intelligence among bees. Natural logic and human logic. 

 Wasps. Bumble-bees. Ants. Notes on their habits. 

 Very advanced state of their civilization. Slavery 

 and parasitism among ants. Termites. The nine 

 principal active forms of termites. Great age of their 

 civilization. Beavers. Tendency of industrious ani- 

 mals to inactivity. 



XVHI. THE QUESTION or ABERRATIONS 172 



Two sorts of sexual aberration. Sexual aberrations 

 of animals. Those of men. Crossing of species. 

 Chastity. Modesty. Varieties and localizations of 

 sexual bashfulness. Artificial creation of modesty. 

 Sort of modesty natural to all females. Cruelty. 

 Picture of carnage. The cricket eaten alive. Habits 

 of carabes. Every living creature is a prey. Necessity 

 to kill or to be killed. 



XIX. INSTINCT 184 



Instinct. Can one oppose it to intelligence? Instinct 

 in man. Primordiality of intelligence. Instinct's con- 



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