28 



table for the purpose ; the uprights just mentioned are pushed 

 up against it and thus the length is measured. The breadth is 

 determined by means of two vertical plates which approach 

 the centre by means of screws. They consist of rather large 

 glass plates ruled in squares so that it is easy to measure 

 the relative position of the auditory openings. The height of 

 the skull is read off by a horizontal limb moving on the posterior 

 upright, whilst two horizontal bars on the anterior upright 

 furnish the. means of determining the facial angle. A small 

 movable protractor serves for reading off the slope of the fora- 

 men magnum. 



109. Craniometer designed by Prof. Yirchow for easy 

 portability. 



E. 239. 1877. Made by A. Wichmann, Hamburg. 



A brass rod graduated in millimetres bears a fixed upright 

 piece at one of its ends. A block which bears a similar 

 graduated upright slides along it, very much as in the ordinary 

 shoemaker's measure. 



110. Callipers designed for portability by Prof. Vir- 

 chow. 



E. 240 .1877. Made by A. Wiclimann, Hamburg. 



Each limb of the callipers has a hinge in it so that it can be 

 bent upon itself, and thus the instrument can be packed into 

 half the space it would otherwise occupy. 



111. Measuring scale devised by Prof. Yirchow for 

 reading the divergence of the callipers. 



E. 241. 1877. Made by A. Wichmann, Hamburg. 



The scale is of brass graduated into centimetres and milli- 

 metres ; at the zero line is a notch to receive the extremity of 

 one arm of the callipers. The whole folds by a hinge in the 

 centre for convenience in packing. 



112. Instrument for measuring simultaneously the 

 breadth of the extended arms and the height. 



Lent by the late Joseph Sonomi. 1876. 



According to the description furnished by the inventor of this 

 instrument the normal proportion of the human frame is that the 

 measure of the distance from the extremity of one hand to the ex- 

 tremity of the other when the arms are extended should be the 

 same as that from the top of the head to the sole of the foot, 

 and any departure from this normal proportion furnishes a 

 means of individual identification. 



The purpose of the instrument is to obtain these two measure 

 ments simultaneously. 



