46 



208. Two models of the human trunk, slightly re- 

 duced. 



E. 7 and 8. 1879. Made by T. P. Mailing, Christiania. 



The anterior wall of the body lifts off to exhibit the thoracic 

 and abdominal viscera. In the neck are seen the larynx, 

 thyroid body, and the carotid arteries and jugular veins. 

 Below these are the trachea, vena cava superior, the arch of the 

 aorta with the innominate, left carotid and left subclavian 

 arteries springing from it, the pneurnogastric nerve crosses it, 

 and in its concavity is the pulmonary artery. The pleurae and 

 the pericardium have been opened to exhibit the heart with 

 the roots of the great vessels antl the lungs. The heart and 

 part of the lungs can be removed en masse so as to show the 

 oesophagus, bifurcation of the trachea, bronchi, vena azygos 

 major, part of the vertebral column, thoracic duct, descending 

 aorta along with a magnified diagrammatic representation of 

 the histological structure of the lung. 



Lower down appear the front edge of the diaphragm, liver, 

 gall bladder, stomach, spleen, colon or large intestine with 

 appendix vermiformis, small intestine, with piece of mesentery 

 and bladder. A block containing the front of the diaphragm, 

 part of the liver, the stomach, and part of the spleen, is mov- 

 able in order to show the vena cava inferior, abdominal aorta, 

 section of the liver with its vessels (hepatic artery and vein and 

 portal vein), part of the pancreas, the two kidneys, and supra- 

 renal bodies. The left kidney has had the front removed to 

 show the interior of its pelvis. The block itself exhibits the 

 cesophageal opening of the stomach, the duodenum, into which 

 an opening has been made to show the apertures of the biliary 

 and pancreatic ducts ; the pancreatic duct has been exposed 

 for the latter part of its course. Part of the front wall shows 

 the round ligament and other structures entering the umbilicus 

 .as well as the spermatic cord entering the inguinal canal. 



209. Model of the human thorax and abdomen with 

 the contained viscera, natural size. 



From the Pedagogical Museum, St. Petersburg. 

 E. 662. 1877. 



The anterior wall may be removed, showing, above, the larynx 

 and thyroid body ; below, the cavities of the pericardium and 

 pleurae, with the heart, great vessels and lungs in situ. Still 

 lower is the edge of the diaphragm, and immediately under it 

 the liver, part of the stomach, and large and small intestines. 

 Part of the lungs and heart may be removed showing the 

 descending aorta and the vena azygos. Part of the liver and 

 the stomach can be taken out to show the form of the latter and 

 its openings, as well as the descending aorta, vena cava inferior 

 and left kidney. 



