80 



Pteromalus pupamim : perfect insects, with enlarged drawing ; 

 larvse, which are parasitic, on the larva of Pieris rapce. 



4. Mamestra brassicm (cabbage moth) ; perfect insects, larvae, 

 and pupae ; drawings of larva in earthen cell and pupa in cocoon : 

 model of cabbage-leaf gnawed by larvae. 



5. Triphcena pronuba (yellow underwing moth) : perfect 

 insects, larvae, and pupa ; enlarged drawings of larva and pupa 

 in their earthen cells. 



6. Aphis brassiccv : perfect insects and enlarged drawings of 

 apterous and winged females and young ; cabbage plant and 

 leaves destroyed by these aphides. 



7. Aleyrodes proletella : enlarged, drawings of perfect insect 

 and pupa ; with infested leaves. 



8. Pieris napi (green- veined white butterfly) : perfect insects, 

 larva, and pupae, with enlarged drawing of the last. 



E. 131. -1886. 



Insects injurious to Carrots and Turnips. 



A. Carrots. 



1. Depressaria depressella: enlarged drawings of perfect 

 insect and larva ; sketch of larva on umbel of carrot ; it spins 

 threads about the umbel and devours the seeds and stems. 



2. A gratis segetum : model of carrot gutted by the larva, 

 which was caught in the act of escaping. 



3. Hepialus fuscus (brown swift moth) : perf ect insect, with 

 enlarged drawing of same and of larva. 



4. Polydesmus complanatus : enlarged drawing. This milli- 

 pede and the next gnaw the roots of many garden vegetables. 



5. Julus (Blaniulus) pulchellus : enlarged drawing. 



6. Psila rosce : magnified drawing of perfect insect and of 

 larva ; sketch of carrot infested ; the exterior is gnawed, pro- 

 ducing rust, and the larva buries itself in the root head first. 



B. Turnips. 



1. Silpha opaca : perfect insect and larva ; enlarged drawings 

 of same ; sketch of larva on a turnip leaf. 



2. Haltica nemorum (turnip fly or flea beetle) ; perfect in- 

 sects ; enlarged drawings of same and of larva ; leaves gnawed 

 by the larva and sketch of the burrow formed by it. 



3. Athalia spinarum (turnip saw-fly) : perfect insects and 

 enlarged drawings of same and of larvae on leaf. Leaf which 

 has been attacked. The larva is known as "black jack" or 

 "nigger." 



4. Agrotis exclamationis : model of turnip gnawed by the 

 underground larvae. 



5 Agrotis segetum : moths, larva, and drawing of larva. 



