16 BOTANY. 



and multifoliate if there are more than seven leaflets (Fig. 

 57). When the leaflets of a compound leaf are arranged 

 in a pedate manner, they are described as pedate leaves. 

 When the leaflets of palmately-compound leaves become 



FIG. 57. FIG. 58. 



themselves compound, the same prefixes are used as in the 

 case of pinnately-compound leaves. Fig. 58 is a biternate 

 leaf. 



When stipules grow to the petiole, as shown in Fig. 44, 

 they are said to be adnate ; when like Fig. 46, they are 

 described as thorny ; when they are large and leaf-like, as 

 seen in Fig. 48, they are said to be foliar stipules. If they 

 grow around the stem, they are said to be sheathing; and 

 when thin and colorless, they are described as membra- 

 nous. 



Observe, also, whether the petiole is long or short, stiff 

 or limber, round, half-round, channeled, flattened, etc. De- 

 scribe the color of the two surfaces of the leaves, and state 

 also whether the surface is smooth, shiny, hairy, woolly, silky, 

 or the like. 



To describe a leaf with scientific precision requires 

 that you should answer the following questions : Is it sim- 

 ple or compound ? petiolate or sessile ? stipulate or ex- 

 stipulate ? What venation, margin, and figure has it ? If 

 compound, name the variety. Give the features of both 

 petiole and stipules when they are present, and mention 



