RANUNCULACEJS. 



191 



89. Pontederiaces. Flowers perfect, petaloid from a spathe. 

 Aquatic herbs. 310. 



90. Cyperaceae. Flowers spiked with perianth of bristles ; fruit 

 an achene. Grass-like plants, solid stems, and tristichous leaves. 310. 



91. Gramineae. Flower spikelets in chaffy glumes ; perianth 

 rudimentary, stamens 3 ; ovary i ; style 2 ; fruit a grain. Stems 

 solid at joints, distichous leaves. 315. 



Gymnosperms. 



92. Coniferae. Male flowers in catkins, female in catkins or 

 cones ; leaves acicular. Trees or shrubs. 323. 



HYPOGYNOUS OR INFERIOR POLYPETALOUS 

 EXOGENS. 



Order I. RANUNCULACE^E (Crowfoot Family). 



A large family of herbs, or climbers, with a colorless, acrid 

 juice. Leaves usually divided, with stalk dilated at the base ; 

 stipules none. The sepals, 3-1 5, distinct and hypogynous ; petals, 

 3-15, or wanting, rarely united ; stamens, usually many; embryo, 

 minute ; fruit, dry pods, achenia, or berries. 



( Petals none Hepatica. 



\ Petals small, yellow Coptis. 



f Achenia with tails Clematis. 



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With stems 



I. Clematis. Sepals 4-8, colored. Petals small or none. An- 

 thers linear, extrorse. Achenia many in a head, terminating in long, 

 plumose tails. Herbs or vines climbing by clasping leaf-stalks, y. 

 10 



