212 SYSTEMATIC BOTANY. 



2. I. BALSAMINA (Balsamine. Touch-me-not}. Stem succulent ; leaves 

 lanceolate, serrate, lower ones opposite ; flowers large, in axillary clusters ; 

 spur shorter than the flower. 



5. Tropoeolum. Herbs climbing by leaf-stalks, exstipulate. Sepals 

 5, united at base in a long spur. Petals 5, with claws. Stamens 8, un- 

 equal. 



T. MAJUS (Nasturtium). Leaves peltate, orbicular ; petioles long ; flow- 

 ers large, orange-colored, with darker spots ; petals obtuse ; the 2 upper dis- 

 tant from the 3 lower, which are fimbriate at base. June-November. 



Order XXI. RUTACE^. 



Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves punctate, without stipules. 

 Flowers perfect. Sepals 4-5. Petals 4-5. Stamens as many, 

 or twice as many as the petals, inserted on a hypogynous disk. 

 Ovary 3~5-lobed, 3-5-celled. Fruit usually separating into 3-5 

 few-seeded carpels. 



Herbs Ruta. 



RUTACE^E. I f Flowers perfect Citrus. 



Shrubs or trees -j 



[Flowers not all perfect Zanthoxylutn. 



I. Citrus. Sepals 5, united. Petals 5. Stamens arranged in clusters 

 of 5 each. Filaments dilated at base. Fruit a berry, Q-iS-celled. y. 



1. C. LIMONUM (Lemon). Leaves, or rather leaflets, oval, acute, toothed ; 

 petioles somewhat winged ; flowers white, fragrant ; stamens 35 ; fruit pale 

 yellow, oblong-spheroidal, rind thin, pulp very acid. A low tree. 



2. C. AURANTIUM (Orange). Leaflet oval, acute ; petioles winged ; 

 stamens 20 ; berry globose, with a thin rind, and sweet pulp ; flowers white, 

 very fragrant. A middle-sized tree. 



2. Ruta. Sepals 4-5, united at base. Petals 4-5, concave, obo- 

 vate, distinct. Stamens 10. Capsule lobed. y. 



R. GRAVEOLENS (Rue). Nearly smooth, suffruticose ; leaves bi- and tri- 

 pinnately divided ; segments all entire, or incised, punctate with conspicuous 

 dots ; flowers yellow, terminal, corymbose ; petals entire. Plant 3-4 feet high. 



3. Zanthoxylum. Polygamous. Perfect flowers : Sepals 5. Pet- 

 als none. Stamens 3-6. Pistils 3-5. Carpels 3-5, i-seeded. y. 



Z. AMERICANUM (Prickly Ash). Branches armed with stout, hooked 

 prickles ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5-7, ovate, mostly entire, sessile ; flowers 

 small, greenish, in umbels. Bark bitter, aromatic. 



Order XXII. AQUIFOLIACE.E (ffolly Family). 



Shrubs, or trees, Leaves simple, alternate, or opposite, often 

 evergreen, exstipulate. Flowers small, white or greenish, axil- 



