COMPOSITE. 243 



I. Eupatorium. Heads 3 to many-flowered. Involucre cylindrical, 

 imbricate. Receptacle flat. Style much exserted. Pappus simple, rough- 

 ish. Achenia 5-angled. # 



1. E. PURPUREUM {Trumpet-weed}. Stem tall, simple; leaves broad- 

 ovate to lanceolate, veiny, rough, toothed, 3-6 in a whorl ; heads 5-10- 

 flowered ; scales of the involucre purplish, numerous, closely imbricated in 

 several rows of unequal length ; flowers light purple, in dense compound 

 corymbs. Low ground, 2-10 feet high. August-September. 



2. E. PERFOLIATUM (Bonesef). Stem erect, stout, rough, hairy; leaves 

 lanceolate, connate-perfoliate ; heads white, about i2-flowered, in a flat- 

 topped, pubescent corymb ; scales of the involucre linear-lanceolate. In low 

 grounds. August-September. 



2. Mikania. Involucre about 4-leaved. Heads with about 4 flow- 

 ers. Receptacle naked. Pappus simple, capillary, roughish. Achenia 

 5-angled. y. 



M. SCANDENS (Climbing Mikania). Smooth ; stem climbing ; leaves op- 

 posite, cordate ; heads in numerous, axillary, pedunculate corymbs ; flowers 

 pale pink or flesh-color. In wet thickets. August-September. 



3. Liatris. Heads few to many-flowered. Involucres imbricate, 

 with appressed scales. Pappus abundant, more or less plumose. Ache- 

 nia tapering at base. Styles much exserted. y 



L. SCARIOSA (Blazing Star). Stem erect, simple, rough ; lower leaves 

 lanceolate, on long petioles ; upper ones linear, and smaller ; heads large, 

 purple, 2o~4o-flowered, in a long, terminal raceme ; involucre somewhat 

 hemispherical ; scales obovate, very obtuse, with scarious and often purplish 

 tips. In dry, sandy soils, 2-4 feet high. August-September. 



4. Tussilago. Heads many-flowered. Ray-flowers narrow, in 

 many rows, pistillate. Disk-flowers few, staminate. Involucre mostly 

 simple. Receptacle naked, flat. Pappus capillary, y. 



T. FARFARA (Coifs-foot}. Acaulescent ; rhizoma creeping ; leaves large, 

 cordate, angular, toothed ; scapes simple, i-flowered, scaly, preceding the 

 leaves ; flowers yellow, with numerous, very narrow rays. April. 



5. Aster. Heads many-flowered. Involucre-scales generally im- 

 bricated, often with herbaceous tips. Ray-flowers pistillate, fertile, in 

 a single row. Disk -flowers tubular, perfect. Receptacle flat, alveo- 

 late. Pappus simple, capillary. Achenia usually compressed, y. 



1. A. CORYMBOSUS (Corymbed Aster}. Stem slender, flexuous, smooth, 

 with pubescent branches ; leaves ovate, sharply and irregularly serrate, nearly 

 smooth ; lower and radical ones cordate ; uppermost ovate-lanceolate, ses- 

 sile ; petioles naked ; involucre of closely appressed, obtuse scales ; rays 6-9, 

 narrow. Dry woods and thickets. August. 



2. A. MACROPHYLLUS (Large-leaved Aster). Stem stout, branched, not 

 flexuous ; leaves rough, finely serrate ; lower ones large, cordate, on long 



