CONIFERS. 323 



Z. MAYS {Indian Corti). Culm erect, leafy, branching only at base; 

 leaves very long, channeled, recurved, entire, 2-4 feet long ; barren spikes 

 6-12, in terminal, nearly digitate clusters ; fertile spikes, 1-4, nearly sessile, 

 6'-i5' long, and even longer. Cultivated, 5-20 feet high. July. 



GYMNOSPERMS. 



Order XCI I. CONIFERS (Pine Family). 



Trees or shrubs ; the wood abounding in a resinous juice. 

 Leaves scale-like, almost always evergreen. Flowers monoecious, 

 or dioecious, destitute of calyx and corolla. Stamens I, or more, 

 often monadelphous, forming a sort of loose ament. Fertile flow- 

 ers usually in aments, consisting of open carpellary scales, some- 

 times solitary and destitute of any form of carpel. Ovary, style 

 and stigma wanting. Ovules naked, I, 2, or more, erect, or some- 

 times turned downward. Fruit a strobile, or cone, sometimes 

 drupaceous, or a solitary drupaceous seed. Embryo with 2, or 

 frequently more cotyledons. 



Fertile flowers many ; f Leaves ' 



with bracts ; cone large 1 j 



CONIFERS, -{ f Scales shield-shaped Cupressus. 



\ F V$rf ~ I*- "' ^ieM-shaped-T-/,^. 



[ bracts [ Fruit a berry Juniperus. 



I. Pinus. Flowers monoecious. Barren aments in spikes ; sta- 

 mens numerous, with very short filaments ; anthers 2-celled ; pollen 

 consisting of 3 united grains. Fertile aments terminating the branches, 

 consisting of imbricated scales, each with a deciduous bract outside, 

 and a pair of ovules inside, attached to the base. Fruit a cone. Seeds 

 sunk in hollows at the base of the scales. Cotyledons 3-12. Trees 

 with acerose leaves. 



1. P. RESINOSA {Red Pine). Leaves in pairs, half cylindrical, elongated, 

 arising from long sheaths ; cones ovoid-conical, solitary or several together, 

 half as long as the leaves ; scales dilated in the middle, unarmed. A tall 

 species. May. 



2. P. RIGIDA (Pitch Pine}. Leaves in threes, with short sheaths ; cones 

 ovoid-conical, mostly in clusters ; scales ending in short, recurved spines. 

 Common in sandy soils. May. 



3. P. STROBUS (White Pine). Leaves in fives, slender, with very short, 

 deciduous sheaths ; cones cylindrical, pendulous, solitary, loose, somewhat 

 curved. A tall tree, common in rich woods. May. 



