20 



timber tree. A few Prunus airium, P. 'padus, Sorbus aucuparia, Ulmus 

 glabra (U. montana) and Acer campestre occur singly 1 . 



The beech wood is not quite like the ordinary Danish beech woods 

 on muld soil; the rich content of chalk in the ground causing some dif- 

 ference in the flora. We find, namely, various calciphilous species, 

 which are elsewhere rare in Denmark, such asEpipactis atrorubens(on\y 

 on Moen's cliff), Ccphalanthera rubra, C. grandiflora, Orchis purpureus, 

 O. ustulatus, Anacamptis pyramidalis (the last three mainly outside the 

 true beech wood) ; also, more frequently and more abundantly than 

 elsewhere, Coralliorhiza, Monotropa, Neottia, Hieracium caesium, Carex 

 digifata, Primula acaulis (P. vulgaris) and Dentaria bulbifera, which 

 however are less bound to the chalk than the previous group. 



The specific richness of the Orchidaceae on M0en's cliff is sur- 

 prisingly great; to those already mentioned should be added Epipogon 

 (extremely rare), Epipactis varians, E. latifolia, Orchis masculus and 

 on marshes and meadows 0. latifolius, 0. incarnatus, O. maculatus, Epi- 

 pactis palustris (Aborre Lake), Listera ovata and Herminium monorchis. 



Large parts of the wetter and more shaded beech wood are covered 

 by a monotonous Equisetum vegetation. Equisetetum E. 

 .hiemalis, whose sombre colour and constant rustling of the siliceous 

 stems in the wind have a peculiar, gloomy effect. 



Apart from these peculiarities the ground vegetation has 

 the usual character plants: Anemone nemorosa, A. ranunculoides, Oxalis 

 acetosella, Mercurialis perennis, Asperula odorata, Lathyrus vernus, He- 

 patica triloba, Pulmonaria obscura etc. as the spring aspect; gras- 

 ses (Dactylis glomerata subsp. lobata, Bromus asper (B. Benekeni), B. 

 ramosus, Festuca gigantea, Melica, Poa nemoralis, M ilium effusum) and 

 various herbs (Sanicula europaea, Circaea lutetiana, C. alpina, Pirola 

 minor, Ramischia secunda and others) as the summer aspect. 



The flora of the cliff wood is also famous for the frequently occur- 

 ring hybrids between P. acaulis, P. elatior and P. officinalis (P. veris), 

 and for several interesting mosses (Hypnum molluscum, Tham- 

 nium alopecurum, Encalypta streptocarpa, Neckera crispa) and 

 lichens (Solorina saccata, Collema auriculatum, Leptogium scotinum, 

 Pannaria nigra, Peltigera aphthosa, Sticta herbacea and Urceolaria 

 scruposa] . 



2. The scrub on the edge and sides of the cliffs forms a 

 variegated plant association or rather several associations; the two most 

 characteristic shrubs are Hippophaes rhamnoides (mostly on the edge 

 of the cliff) and Juniperus communis (on the slopes); but we also find 



1 As planted trees at a number of places occur oaks (Quercus robur). 

 Further, coniferous woods occur planted at several places (e. g. Aborre- 

 bjerg) mostly of Picea excelsa, more rarely Pinus austriaca and P. strobus. 



