21 



in the scrub dwarfed beeches, Crataegus oxyacantha, Prunus spi- 

 nosa, Lonicera xylosteum (usually on somewhat wet soil), Cornus san- 

 guinea, Acer campestre, Salix species of the Caprea group (wet), as 

 also, special (in Denmark) to M0en's cliff Ribes alpinum and subspon- 

 taneous Daphne Laureola. The ground and the stems of the shrubs are 

 sometimes covered by Hedera. 



The ground vegetation growing among these shrubs varies to a great 

 extent according to the denseness of the scrub and the wetness and 

 consistency of the soil; the Jumper scrub is the driest and most open, 

 the Salix scrub is wet and the Hippophaes scrub is very dense. The 

 species of the ground vegetation come partly from the ground flora 

 of the beech wood, partly from the associations of the open slopes and 

 lastly, in the wet clefts, from the association of the spring-water ve- 

 getation. 



The last, the vegetation of the falls , is something 

 characteristic of M;0en and merits more detailed mention. The beech 

 wood or the scrub like to follow the water trickling down through 

 the clefts (falls), the trees and shrubs covering the slopes whilst the 

 bottom of the clefts is filled by the hygrophilous vegetation. This is 

 remarkable for its enormous luxuriance, consisting of a large number 

 of hygrophilous species, of which only the characteristic species of a 

 single fall (Maglevandsfald) need be mentioned: Equisetum 

 maximum (in great quantities), E. fluviatile, E. arvense f. nemorosa and 

 the hybrid between the last two, Carex paniculata, Scrophularia alata, 

 Juncus glaucus, Cardamine impatiens and Festuca silvatica. The water 

 in the course of the fall is cold and rich in chalk; in another fall 

 (Jydeleje t) calcareous tuff can even be seen under formation. The 

 fauna in the water-courses of both these 'falls is characteristic, con- 

 taining alpine Phryganeae and the remarkable flat-worm Planaria alpina, 

 which is otherwise not known from Denmark and is considered to be a 

 glacial relict. 



3. The vegetation of the open slopes. The scrub 

 on the summit of the cliffs leads gradually with decreasing number of 

 shrubs to the open slopes. These harbour on the whole a species-rich plant 

 vegetation, varying greatly according to the nature of the soil, as the 

 latter may vary from pure sand to chalk-rich clay; on the whole the 

 sand is predominant and the vegetation has thus a distinct xerophilous 

 character. Among the more prominent species of perennial herbs oc- 

 curring in the summer aspect may be named; Silene nutans, 

 Astragalus glycyphyllus, Daucus.carota, Galium verum, Campanula per- 

 sicifolia, Scabiosa columbaria, Helichrysum arenarium, Artemisia cam- 

 pestris, Senecio Jacobaea, Centaurea scabiosa, Carlina vulgaris, Cirsium 

 acaule, Hieracium umbellatum, Calamintha acinos, Thymus chamaedrys, 

 Origanum vulgare, Rumex auriculatus, Briza media, Avena pratensis, 



