15 



obtained. In course of time, however, most of the ground has to be 

 relaid, but one field, used partly as meadow partly as pasture, has 

 been kept as such for 18 years. - - At the same time various exper- 

 iments have been made with regard to quantities of chalk, amount of 

 drainage, seed mixtures etc. 



A. Mentz. 



4. Silkeborg. 



Forest and heath vegetation. As we pass further from 

 the level country - - the large fluvio-glacial sand plains between the 

 low hills (Bakke0er) of earlier Ice Age formations --on the way 

 from Herning to Silkeborg, the landscape gradually becomes very uneven; 

 we enter the large glacial marginal formations of the last Ice Period and 

 pass by the great line of the marginal moraine marked on the map (Fig. l) . 

 In the hollows between the heath-covered hills we see low oak shrubs, 

 remnants of the old oak woods, which have gone under in the struggle 

 with man and his domestic animals, poor soil, west wind and the 

 heather. We can picture the course of development. After the ice 

 melted away, the land became covered with a vegetation of low arctic 

 plants (Dry as and others), remains of which are found in the clay 

 layer under the moors and in the deepest layer of these; immigrants 

 gradually arrived, the aspen (Populus tremula) and birch, but the true 

 vegetation of the high wood first began with the pine woods (Pinus 

 silvestris), which were afterwards supplanted by the oak wood, and this 

 again on the good soil of the land had to give way to the beech wood. In 

 West Jutland it is the heather, which in many places has replaced the 

 oak. The pine as a primitive, wild-growing tree has disappeared from 

 Denmark; all the conifer-woods now found here have been planted in the 

 course of the last 150 years, or are descendants from planted trees. The 

 principal Pinus species planted in W T est Jutland is the mountain pine 

 (Pinus montana), which flourishes well in the windy climate; other 

 plantations are found of the Scotch pine (P. silvestris), but mainly of the 

 common spruce (Picea excelsa). The conifers are spreading especially 

 in Jutland at the expense partly of the beech wood, partly of the heath. 



In the environs of Silkejborg the ground-soil is for the most part 

 sand. The sandy hills are covered by beech woods, the wetter hollows 

 chiefly by birch and alder (Alnus glutinosa); woods of conifers also 



occur - Eug. W. 



In Denmark, which in climatological-pedological respects belongs 

 to the humid regions of Europe, decomposition of the ordinary remains 

 of organic life on high-lying areas (i. e. away from water-basins and 



