10 



luna heaths have been entirely or partially suppressed for the sake of 

 the herbs, especially the grasses, which - - as dominant species 

 replace each other from below upwards as follows: Nardus Sieglingia 

 - Anthoxanthum. These gradually take the place of the heath, as can 

 be seen especially at the north end of the island. 



C. Raunkicer. 



2. Borris Heath. 



The Borris heath or moor, about 1875 hectares in area, 

 was bought by the Government in 1903 and since then has remained as a 

 preserve, except that the army uses it as a shooting range in August- 

 September. Geologically it forms a portion of the Sender- 

 O m m e plain and is, like our other uncultivated heath plains, 

 a marked Calluna heath. The level surface, sloping slightly towards 

 the west, is broken only by a few systems of ridges running in the 

 main from N. W. to S. E., inland sand-ridges, which have been piled 

 up on the old heath bottom. Their maximum height is 20 25 m. 

 Several of these ridges have been subjected to a very obvious wind 

 erosion and have assumed different forms according to the condition of 

 stability they were in at the beginning of the erosion (examples B 1 ae s- 

 bjerg, Muldsande, Fillingsand). The lowest parts of the 

 area are filled with moss-bogs or peat already formed, on which the 

 dominant moor plants, Calluna, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale and others 

 have long made themselves at home. As typical examples of such peat 

 bogs may be mentioned the Langedam bog in the southern part of 

 the moor and K i 1 d e s bog in its northern part; both of these bogs 

 have an open lakelet in the centre, which is becoming covered over on 

 the lee side, towards the west, whilst on the windward side, east, there 

 are steep banks of peat, which are constantly being eroded by the 

 waves. The Kildeso bog is formed from a lake, which owed its origin 

 to a sand-ridge (Sobjergene) damming up the outlet of the water. 

 Examination of the peat of this bog down to a depth of l 1 ^ m. revealed 

 no other tree remains except thin twigs of Populus tremula, which may 

 be considered to have come from an aspen scrub, some few remains 

 of which are still to be found at one place on the side of the ridge. 

 The remains of oak and birch, so frequent in the bogs of West Jut- 

 land, especially on the Bakke0er, are here quite wanting and this 

 fact, together with the other, that the surface of the heath is here 

 barren and unsuitable for tree vegetation, makes it probable, that the 

 area has never borne woods like most of the other Jutland heaths, 

 but ever since the Ice Age has had the character of a heather moor. 



The above explanation has already indicated, what formations 

 we may expect to find. 



