-8 



the older and higher ground, the earlier associations being gradually 

 crowded out. Many ant heaps. Transitional stages in the formations 

 occur. 



III. Clayey salt-marsh. In the bay east and south of Nordby 

 and at other places on the east coast of Fane, where the water is calmer 

 than on the west and north coasts, the fine particles of clay and or- 

 ganic material suspended in the water fall to the bottom, the plants 

 lending great assistance. Here extensive banks of mud are formed. 

 mud flats (S 1 i k - V a d e r) ; an excellent example is seen south of 

 Nordby. 



1. Zostera association, Zosteretum Z. marinae. These soft 

 muddy flats are covered by large masses of narrow-leaved Zostera 

 marina. During flood-tide the long leaves entrap the mud. w T hich is 

 further fixed by the blue-green algae. We also find Zostera minor, 

 Ruppia maritima and Zannichellia. 



2. Salicornia association. Where the ground becomes 

 higher we find Salicornia herbacea, which continues the work of trap- 

 ping the mud during flood-tide. Among its erect, stiff plants live many 

 small snails (Hydrobia etc.) which cover the bottom with their excrements. 



3. Where the ground is still higher we find G 1 y c e r i e t u m G. 

 maritime, forming a soft grassy turf, in which other flowering plants 

 appear further inland (Aster Tripolium, Atriplex hastata, Glaux mari- 

 tima, Glyceria distans, Juncus Gerardi, Plant ay o maritima, Sperfjularia 

 marina, Sp. salina, Triglochin maritimum, Limonium vuhjare). 



4. On higher and drier ground we find: Armeria maritima, Arte- 

 misia maritima. Festuca rubra, Odontites rubra f. littoralis, Potentilla 

 anserina, Scirpus compressus, Sc. rufus etc. 



In the stiff clay soil the flood-tide forms deep, often river-like chan- 

 nels. Characteristic of the marshy meadows are the many holes formed 

 in it. 



By means of ditches the inhabitants strive to add to the land. In 

 these ditches we find the Zostera association in the middle, the Salicornia 

 association marginal and uppermost the Glyceria association. 



5. Further west the ground becomes partially covered by drifting 

 sand. The vegetation is principally a Festuca-association, 

 Festucetum F. rubrae, with Armeria vulgaris and many similar species 

 correlated with the dry ground. Eug Warming 



Dune -heaths. The land inside the sea-dunes of the west coasl 

 consists partly of old sand-ridges, partly of plains with remains of 

 travelling dunes. The broad, central part of the island is chiefly covered 

 by heath, but a beginning has now been made there w r ith the planting 

 of pines (Pinus montana); on the north and south ends of the island, 

 that is nearest the villages, the plains and hollows between the ridges 



