5 



layer of mud or marl (the Aller0d-Iayer) occurs in the Dryas-clay, and 

 the plant-remains of this layer indicate, that during its deposition the 

 climate was not so severe as when the clay-layers with arctic plant- 

 remains under it and over it were deposited. Quite recently also 

 muld from this warmer period has been found, preserved in 

 a singular manner. In the till on the surface of which the mould 

 was formed, masses of ice, detached during the recession of the land- 

 ice, were buried. They held out for a long time but finally they melted 

 and left hollows in which the Aller0d-muld was buried under clay, 

 mud and peat. 



Finally, the definite increase of temperature set in, and the peat- 

 layers now formed show us that an immigration of trees took place, 

 first the birch and the aspen, then the fir followed by the oak and 

 lastly the beech. 



Victor Madsen. 



1. Fane. 



Fan0 is a sand island formed from marine sand by the help of the 

 wind; probaby it rests on formations of the Ice Age, but this it not known. 



Fane is increasing in extent both at the northern end and towards 

 the east. The former may result perhaps from a slight raising of the 

 land. From the accompanying map (Fig. 2), it "will be seen that in 

 the northern part 2 3 parallel ridges of dunes have been thrown up, 

 the one outside the other, and in the N. W. there is a very extensive 

 sandy plane, where new ridges are forming. 



I. Sand-dune- formation. On the stretch between the hotels 

 and the north-west end, signs of the incipient formation of dunes will 

 be noticed. Here we find first: 



1. Triticetum Tritici juncei; which collects the drifting sand (size 

 of the sand grains 0,5 >0,25 mm). 



2. Ely mm arenarius and Psamma arenaria migrate on to these low 

 dunes, and build them somewhat higher and form the high dunes. 

 Elymus only occurs nearer the sea, Psamma goes far inland. On the 

 sand between and on the outermost dunes we may find halophytes, 

 such as Cakile maritima, Honckenya peploides, Glaux maritima, Sali- 

 cornia herbacea, Atriplex hastata. On the naked sand between the 

 dunes small whitish sand heaps will be noticed; these are formed by 

 tunnel-forming insects (species of Bledius and others) . 



3. Between the tufts of the two high dune-grasses there is some 

 slight protection from the wind and here there is also room for 

 a number of other, especially more delicate plants, such as the following: 

 Airopsis prcecox, Campanula rotundifolia, Carex arenaria, Cerastium se- 

 midecandrum, C. tetrandrum, Corynephorus canescens, Draba verna, 



