PYROTHERIUM 167 



and extending forward to the bases of the tushes. They 

 have developed downward so as to carry the plane of 

 the palate far below the plane of the basicranium, and 

 causing the upward bend in the basicranial axis, which 

 is so characteristic of elephants. This bend leaves the 

 occipital condyles a full foot above the plane of the teeth. 

 The maxilla extends upward so as to bound the major 

 part of anterior margin of the nasal opening, and of the 

 orbit, which latter opening is small and directed forward. 

 The zygomatic process is large and makes a considerable 

 portion of the arch. The jugal is a broad flat bone making 

 up most of the zygomatic arch and extending back so as 

 to take a small part in making the glenoid fossa, as in 

 elephants. 



The top of the brain case was crushed in before the 

 burial of the animal, the anterior part being present, 

 and about 40 mm. below its normal position, but the parie- 

 tal region having been loose, exposed the brain cavity, the 

 ear chamber and some of the cellular vacuities. The 

 nasal bones are long and light in build, and are pushed back 

 so that they lie between the postorbital processes of the 

 frontals. The frontals were united medianly, and pro- 

 longed on either side of the nasals to make the postorbital 

 processes. The back margin of the frontals is broken 

 away. The parietals are lost, but it is apparent that there 

 was a short sargittal crest. From the middle, high lamb- 

 doidal crests extend to either side, and become continuous 

 with the upper margins of the zygomatic arches. The 

 posterior face of the skull slopes back from the lambdoidal 

 crests for a considerable distance, down to the moderate- 

 sized foramen magnum. 



The squamosum is a large bone, with the lambdoidal 

 crest and the extension of the zygomatic arch on its upper 

 surface. It carries the major part of the glenoid fossa. 

 Behind the auditory meatus is a large post-tympanic 

 portion which extends down and unites with the pretym- 



