THE PALAEOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC AGES. 27 



wich and Lyell, Vivian and Pengelly, Christy, Evans, 

 and many more, have proved that man formed a 

 humble part of this strange assembly. 



Xay, even at this early period there were at least 

 two distinct races of men in Europe ; one of them as 

 Boyd-Dawkins has pointed out closely resembling 

 the modern Esquimaux hi form, in his weapons and 

 implements, probably in his clothing, as well as in so 

 many of the animals with which he was associated. 



At this stage Man appears to have been ignorant 

 of pottery, to have had no knowledge of agriculture, 

 no domestic animals, except perhaps the dog. His 

 weapons were the axe, the spear, and the javelin ; I 

 do not believe he knew the use of the bow, though he 

 was probably acquainted with the lance. He was, of 

 course, ignorant of metal, and his stone implements, 

 though skilfully formed, were of quite different shapes 

 from those of the second Stone age, and were never 

 ground. This earlier Stone period, when man co- 

 existed with these extinct mammalia, is known as the 

 Palaeolithic, or Early Stone Age, in opposition to the 

 Neolithic, or Newer Stone Age. 



The remains of the mammalia which co-existed 

 with man in pre-historic times have been most care- 

 fully studied by Owen, Lartet, Riitimeyer, Falconer, 

 Busk, Boyd-Dawkins, and others. The presence of the 

 mammoth, the reindeer, and especially of the musk-ox, 

 indicates a severe, not to say an arctic, climate the 

 existence of which, moreover, was proved by other 

 considerations ; while, on the contrary, the hippo- 

 potamus requires considerable warmth. How, then, is 

 this association to be explained ? 



