DESTRUCTIVE ANIMALS, BIRDS, INSECTS in 



by bark beetles. The woodpecker eats these beetles and 

 thus does good. On the whole we may say that woodpe'ckers 

 do more good than harm, and should be preserved. 



The following list, compiled from Schlich's Manual of 

 Forestry, classifies birds from a forester's point of view. Those 

 in column 2 do damage by killing useful birds or by eating 

 their eggs, and those in column 3 do a certain amount of 

 damage in various ways, but on the whole do more good 

 than harm. 



Note. Nisbet in The Forester places robin in column 4, and wood- 

 peckers, greenfinch, and siskin in column 3. He also includes roller, 

 hoopoe, warblers, nightingales, whitethroat, and oriole as decidedly useful 

 birds. 



INSECTS. 



Insects as a general rule pass through a series of changes 

 before reaching maturity. Commencing as an egg> this hatches 

 out into a larva, grub or caterpillar, which is a stage in which 



