XIV 



INTRODUCTION. 



This is, of course, best developed in water-fowl, as it 

 renders the foot more serviceable as a paddle, but it is 

 often present to a small degree in land birds also, as 

 in the common fowl, and its presence and degree of 



CERE 



EAR COVERTS 



WING COVERTS 



SECONDARY QUILLS 



TIPS OF 

 PRIMARY QUILLS 



UPPER TAIL COVERTS 



UNDER TAIL COVERTS 



Outline of Parrot to explain the less familiar and more useful terms 

 used in describing birds (such terms as crown, throat, breast, &c., 

 of course explain themselves). 



development affords a useful character for the dis- 

 crimination of families. 



The shank and toes are usually covered with scales,- 



