WASPS — BEE- AMI —B UTTERFLIES 



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broods, this butterfly is very common all through the summer and autumn. The 

 beautiful orange-tip butterfly (Euchloe cardamines), found all over Europe, 

 and northern and western Asia, is double-brooded. The greenish blue cater- 

 pillar, marked with a white streak along the line of breathing-pores, feeds 

 mainly on cruciferous plants, especially on their seed-pods. Wrapped in a leaf 

 whose edges are brought together by silk, the caterpillar of the red admiral 

 butterfly (Vanessa atalanta) feeds on the nettle. In colour this caterpillar is 

 blackish grey with seven rows of yellow spines; the adult insect is as easily 





JWo.^nia, 



SMALL TORTOISESHELL BUTTERFLY. 



distinguished by its black hind-wings with their red borders as is the orange- 

 tip by the patch of colour on the otherwise white wings of the male. 



The caterpillars of the small tortoiseshell butterfly (V. urticce) also feed on 

 nettles, but instead of each individual living in a shelter alone, a number are found 

 in company. Blackish is the general colour, with seven rows of dark green spines. 

 The caterpillar of the painted lady (V. cardui), which is spotted with yellow, and 

 has seven rows of yellow or grey spines, lives not only on thistles but also on the 

 nettle, the viper's bugloss, the mallow, and other plants. This brownish red butter- 

 fly, which is so spotted with black as to give the appearance of a mask, and has 

 four black " eyes " with blue centres on the hind-wings, is almost world-wide in its 



