THE GOOSANDEH. 



Elk. 



CHAPTER VII 



Northern Europe 



Under the title of northern Europe are included the Scandinavian peninsula, and 

 such portion of European Russia as is situated north of the latitude of the Gulf 

 of Finland. To some extent the fauna of this tract differs from that of the 

 central European area. 



Among the hoofed mammals indigenous to this large portion of 

 Europe are the roebuck, which does not range higher than 60° N. ; 

 the red deer, extending to 65° N., but unknown in northern Russia; and 

 the fallow deer, which, as previously stated, is indigenous to the Mediterranean 

 countries, whence it may have been introduced to these northern districts. 

 In addition to these are several others, which, although originally inhabitants of 

 central Europe, are now partly or entirely exterminated there, as, for instance, 

 the elk (Alces machlis), which is a circumpolar species. In former times the 

 range of the elk in the Old World extended as far as Great Britain and France in 

 the west, and to Lombardy in the south. When it became extinct in Italy is 



VOL. I. 25 



