GUANACO AND LLAMAS— PECCARIES 



367 



black, but usually spotted with white, or totally white, while on its knees are 

 always found the bare patches already mentioned. It is a long-necked and long- 

 legged animal, even larger than the wild guanaco, and thus considerably taller 

 than the alpaca. At the time of the conquest of Peru by the Spaniards there 

 were said to be more than 300,000 llamas used for transporting the silver from 

 Potosi, but at the present day in consequence of the introduction of horses and 

 mules — and railways — the llama has almost ceased to be employed as a pack- 

 animal. 



The second wild species, the vicuna (L. vicuna), is confined to the mountains 



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VICUNAS. 



Peccaries. 



of south Ecuador and central Bolivia. Above it is uniform light brown, paler 

 below and on the legs, and on the shoulders it has long white hair. 



True pigs do not exist wild in America, where they are repre- 

 sented in Central and South America by the allied group of peccaries, 

 which are small hog-like animals, with a gland on the middle of the back, the 

 tail rudimentary, and the upper tusks directed downwards instead of upwards. 

 The collared peccary (Dicotyles tajagu), the smaller of the two best defined species, 

 is blackish brown in colour marked by a yellowish white collar running down from 

 the shoulders across the chest. The distributional area of this and an allied species 

 (D. angulatus), a rare species, extends from the Rio Negro in Patagonia to Texas, 

 Arkansas, Arizona, and Sonora ; but there are several local races of these animals 



