356 Wonders of the Bird World 



stream of migration which extends in winter to Southern 

 China, the Philippines, and the Moluccas. 



V. THE HIMALO-CAUCASIAN SUB-REGION. 



In the higher ranges of the Himalayas, above 8000 feet 

 elevation, we find several peculiar species and genera of 

 birds which do not occur at lower altitudes, and I recognize 

 this Sub-Region as one of great importance. It is the 

 habitat of the Snow-Cocks (Tetraogallns), and the Hill 

 Partridge (Lerwa), and the distribution of the former genus 

 leads me to include in it the lofty ranges of the Altai 

 Mountains, as well as the mountains of Northern Persia, 

 the Caucasus and Asia Minor, in all of which the genus 

 Tetraogallus occurs. This Sub-Region is also remarkable 

 for certain species of Passerine Birds, and when accurate 

 statistics are available, will, I believe, be found to be of 

 great importance. 



B. THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 



Africa, below the Sahara, and Madagascar, with perhaps 

 the whole of Arabia, constitute the Ethiopian Region. 

 At first sight this would appear to be a perfectly natural 

 area, and so it is, but its limits on the north and east are 

 not yet well defined, as any one can understand from a 

 glance at the map of Africa. 



I. THE SAHARAN SUB-REGION. 



This Sub-Region may as well at once be stated to be a 

 blank. We know nothing about it. When Denham and 

 Clapperton crossed the Sahara, they brought home to the 

 British Museum a few large birds, such as a Griffon Vulture 

 {Gyps fulvus), which taught us nothing. Where the 

 carcass is, there will the Griffons be gathered together. 

 If these brave men, the pioneers of African travel, 



