Geographical Distribution 369 



albicollis and Stoparola meridionalis. Celebes is also re- 

 markable as being the eastern limit reached by Woodpeckers 

 and Monkeys. 



II. THE MOLUCCAN SUB-REGION. 



This includes the Molucca Islands, such as Batchian, 

 Halmahera, Ternate, Bourou, Ceram, Amboina, the Timor 

 group, etc. These are characterized by a multitude of 

 Honey - suckers {MelipJiagidci), by Thickheads (Pachyce- 

 phald), both Australian features, while many forms are 

 peculiar, such as Eulipoa among the Megapodes, Semioptera 

 and Lycocorax among the Birds of Paradise, etc. In Timor; 

 however, and the adjacent islands Mr. Everett has recently 

 found Himalo-Malayan forms, such as Orthnocichla everetti 

 in South Flores. 



III. THE PAPUAN SUB-REGION. 



New Guinea forms the principal portion of this Sub- 

 Region, which includes the outlying islands to the westward, 

 such as Salvvati, Waigiou, Batanta, the Aru Islands, and on 

 the east it extends to the Solomon Islands, while as regards 

 ornithology, the Cape York Peninsula must be included in 

 the Papuan area ; for it possesses a species of Casnarins, 

 which is eminently a Papuan genus. Of the multitude 

 of other genera and species which are characteristic of 

 the Sub-Region, it is unnecessary to go into detail, as 

 they are of such a very pronounced and distinct type. 

 Nearly all the Paradiseidce, or Birds of Paradise, are 

 confined to its area, and the extension of the range of the 

 Manucodes (Phonygamd) and the Rifle-birds of the genus 

 Craspedophora into the Cape York Peninsula, only empha- 

 sizes the fact that the latter portion of the Australian 

 continent has a Papuan element in its Avifauna. 



B B 



