REPRODUCTION 



Reproduction and generation — Sexual and asexual reproduction 



— Superfluous growth — Monogony — Self-cleavage — Bud- 

 ding — Formation of spores — Amphigony — Ovum and sperm- 

 cell — Hermaphrodite formation and separation of the 

 sexes — Hermaphrodism and gonochorism of the cells — 

 Monoclinism and diclinism — Monoecism and dioecism — - 

 Alternation of sex-division — Sexual glands of the histona — 

 Hermaphroditic glands — Sexual ducts — Generative organs 



— Parthenogenesis — Picdogenesis — Metagenesis — Hetero- 

 genesis — Strophogenesis — Hypogenesis — Hybridism — Gen- 

 eration of hybrids and the species — Graduation of forms 

 of reproduction. 



WHILE nutrition secures the maintenance of the or- 

 ganic individual, reproduction insures that of the 

 organic species, or the group of definite forms which we 

 distinguish from others by the name "species." All 

 individuals are more or less restricted in the duration of 

 their lives, and die off after the lapse of a certain time. 

 The succession of individuals, connected by reproduc- 

 tion and belonging to a species, makes it possible for the 

 specific form itself to last for ages. In the end, how- 

 ever, the species is temporary; it has no "eternal life." 

 After existing for a certain period, it either dies or is 

 converted by modification into other forms. 



The rise of new individuals by reproduction from 

 parent organisms is a natural phenomenon with definite 

 time-restriction. It cannot have continued from eter- 

 nity on our planet, as the earth itself is not eternal, and 



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