THE WONDERS OF LIFE 



tices (fetichism and animism) with ethical principles, 

 and transform their empirical moral laws into religious 

 commands. lo. Among barbaric, and more particularly 

 among civilized, races definite moral laws are formed by 

 the association of these hereditary religious, moral, and 

 legal ideas, ii. In the civilized races the Church formu- 

 lates the religious commands, and jurisprudence the 

 legal commands, in more definitely binding forms; the 

 advancing mind remains, however, subject in many 

 respects to Church and state. 12. In the higher civil- 

 ized nations pure reason gains more and more influence 

 on practical life, and thrusts back the authority of tra- 

 dition ; on the basis of biological knowledge a rational or 

 monistic ethic is developed. 



