CALYCANTHACE^E 101 



almost rudimentary, and recall what may be seen in many 

 species belonging to widely separated Orders, which have 

 subterranean cotyledons. Instances occur in Clematis recta 

 (fig. 120), Khus Thunbergiana (fig. 255), Lecythis Sapucajo, 

 Quercus pedunculata, the Walnut, and many others, the con- 

 generic species of some of which have aerial cotyledons. 



The explanation is probably that when a large store of 

 reserve food-material is laid up in fleshy cotyledons, the plant 

 is able to form a considerable length of stem independently of 

 well-developed leaves. In Chimonanthus the cotyledons are 

 fleshy, but they are aerial, and well exposed to light by being 

 elevated on a hypocotyl 3-4 - 5 cm. above the ground. 



Chimonanthus fragrans, Lindl. 



Fruit an achene, oblong, deep brown, almost black, 17 mm. long, 

 8-9 mm. broad. 



Hypocotyl woody, erect, terete, glabrous, greenish-yellow, 

 3-4'5 cm. above soil. 



Cotyledons large, foliaceous, convolute in tbe seed, after germi- 

 nation broader than long, petiolate, deeply auricled at the base, 

 auricles incurved, obscurely trinerved and reticulate-veined, gla- 

 brous, fleshy and very brittle, bright green above, paler or yellowish- 

 green beneath, 2'6 cm. long, 3'8 cm. broad. They persist for more 

 than a year. 



Stem woody, erect, terete, glabrous, thinly dotted with lenti- 

 cels, pale green ; 1st internode 1'65 mm. long ; 2nd 2-4 cm. ; 3rd 

 2-2 cm. ; 4th 3-25 cm. ; 5th 4'25 cm. 



Leaves simple, entire, cauline, opposite (sometimes alternate), 

 exstipulate, petiolate, hairy on the margin and beneath the midrib, 

 ultimately becoming glabrous but very rough and scabrous, alter- 

 nately and irregularly penninerved, pale green above, paler be- 

 neath, shining ; petioles short, slightly channelled above, convex 

 beneath, slightly bairy or scabrous on the upper margins, otherwise 

 smooth. 



First pair small, scale-like and perishing early. 



Second pair similar or sometimes foliaceous and subdimidiate, 

 or very unequally developed on each side of the midrib, deeply and 

 obliquely emarginate, with rounded points. 



Third pair foliaceous, subobovate, obliquely and deeply emar- 

 ginate, with rounded lobes. 



Fourth pair lanceolate, acuminate, 12'65 cm. long, including the 

 petiole. 



