PAPAVERACE^E 121 



in fresh specimens. A slight modification occurs in Platy- 

 stemon californicus (fig. 146), Koemeria refracta, and Argemone 

 mexicana (fig. 147), where the cotyledons are connate at the 

 base, forming a cup around the plumule. Those of the latter 

 are 16 to 20 mm. long, while in Hypecoum procumbens (fig. 

 153) they are from 28 to 32 mm., and a similar length in 

 F urn aria. 



The second type is seen inBocconia frutescens (fig. 150), a 

 shrubby species in which the carpel contains only one ovule 

 developing into a very large seed for the Order. The cotyledons 

 are oblong, obtuse, tapering to a short, broad petiole, slenderly 

 five-nerved, faintly reticulate, 28 to 36*5 mm. long, and 6 - 5 to 

 11 mm. wide. 



The bifid cotyledons of Eschscholtzia californica (fig. 152) 

 may be described as an aberrant type, seeing that they are 

 quite entire in E. tenuifolia. Those of the former are linear, 

 slender, 28-30 mm. long, bifid for 18 mm. of their upper 

 portion, with acute segments, slightly dilated and connate at 

 the very base. When full grown they are only about 1 mm. 

 broad below the fissure, and the segments diverge like the 

 prongs of a hay- fork. 



A fourth and rather remarkable type is exhibited by 

 Adlumia cirrhosa (fig. 154), Corydalis lutea (fig. 155), and 

 Cysticapnos africana. In Adlumia they are broadly ovate, 

 acute, three- to five-nerved ; in Corydalis lutea ovate or lanceo- 

 late-elliptic, with the lamina usually sharply deflexed ; and ob- 

 long-ovate, and three- to five-nerved in Cysticapnos africana, 

 a Cape species with a bladder-like fruit otherwise similar to 

 the British Corydalis claviculata, but sometimes separated as 

 a distinct genus. All the three plants mentioned have thin 

 membranous delicately-nerved cotyledons with long petioles, 

 thus differing from the species of most other genera in the 

 Order and recalling in their shape that of typical Kanuncu- 

 lacese. The peculiar cotyledons of Eschscholtzia californica 

 have already been referred to. If the seed be moderately well 

 buried in the earth, the bent and elongating hypocotyl pulls 

 the cotyledons out of the testa and they soon unfold to the 

 light. Should the seed, however, be lightly buried, it is carried 

 up on the tips of the cotyledons, and the latter soon bulge out- 



