VIOLARIE^E 197 



Nos. 1-3. Reniform, rounded at the apex, three- to five-nerved, 

 shallowly crenate. 



Nos. 4 and 5. Reniform, obtusely angled at the apex ; five-nerved 

 on the lower half, shallowly crenate. 



Ultimate leaves rather large, reniform, rounded at the apex, 

 shallowly crenate, seven- to nine-nerved and reticulate. 



CANELLACE^E. 



Benth. et Hook. Gen. PL i. 121. 



Fruit and Seed. The ovary is free, one-celled, with two 

 to five parietal placentas, and contains from two to many 

 ascending or horizontal ovules that are nearly but not quite 

 anatropous. The fruit is indehiscent and a berry, and as is 

 frequent in such cases the testa of the seed is hard or crusta- 

 ceous, smooth and shining. Each berry contains from two to 

 many seeds according to the species. The embryo is large, 

 straight, or slightly, curved with oblong cotyledons and a short 

 radicle situated close to the hilum, and is embedded in a 

 fleshy, oily endosperm. 



No seedlings have come under my observation. 



BIXINE.E. 



Benth. et Hook. Gen. PI. i. 122. 



Fruit and Seed. The ovary is superior, syncarpous, and 

 made up of from two to many carpels with as many parietal 

 placentas, one-, rarely many-celled, as in Flacourtia and Amo- 

 reuxia. The ovules are amphitropous or anatropous, rarely one, 

 seldom two, generally many on each placenta ; Aphloia is ex- 

 ceptional in having only one placenta and few ovules. The fruit 

 is dry and capsular or baccate and indehiscent. Sometimes 

 it is spiny resembling that of ^Esculus or some species of 

 Datura, as is the case with Bixa and Dendrostylis. 



The seeds are usually globose or obovoid ; but there are 

 exceptions, the most remarkable of which occurs in Cochlo- 

 spermum, the species of which have reniform or spiral seeds 

 covered with long hairs or woolly on all sides ; the testa itself 



