218 ON SEEDLINGS 



Saponaria Vaccaria, L. 



Hypocotyl erect, terete, glabrous, 3-4 mm. long, light green or 

 colourless. 



Cotyledons somewhat fleshy, unequal, linear-ohlong, obtuse, 

 entire, shortly petiolate, glabrous, green, pinnatinerved like the leaves. 



Stem erect, nearly square, herbaceous, glabrous ; 1st internode 

 5-7 mm. long, 2nd very short. 



First leaves simple, entire, cauline, opposite, decussate, linear- 

 oblong, obtuse, sessile, tapering slightly to the base, where they are 

 ciliate, glabrous, green, fleshy, indistinctly pinnatinerved. 



Saponaria calabrica, Guss. 



Primary root slender, tapering downwards, with numerous 

 lateral rootlets. 



Hypocotyl as in S. Vaccaria but 5-6 mm. long. 



Cotyledons oblong, one-veined; petiole short, broad, scarcely 

 channelled. 



Stem with primary internodes undeveloped. 



First leaves radical, petiolate, rotundly oblong or almost spathu- 

 late ; 2nd pair of leaves slightly hairy, one-veined like the cotyledons ; 

 petioles broad, flat, sheathing at the base, shallowly channelled on 

 the upper surface. 



Saponaria orientalis, L. 



Hypocotyl as in preceding species, erect, terete, glabrous. 



Cotyledons ovate-oblong, indistinctly one-veined like the leaves. 



Stem herbaceous, erect, square ; primary internodes but slightly 

 developed. 



First leaves cauline, ovately-oval or oblong, obtuse, otherwise 

 as in preceding species ; petioles rather long, glabrous, deeply fur- 

 rowed on the upper side. 



Silene echinata, Otth. 



Primary root tapering downwards, with short lateral rootlets. 



Hypocotyl erect, very short, or tapering indistinguishably into 

 the root, pale green or colourless. 



Cotyledons ovate, obtuse, entire, petiolate, trinerved from the 

 base, the lateral ones submarginal, undulate or wavy, curved 

 inwards and uniting with the midrib close to the apex, alternately 

 nerved upwards and obscurely reticulate, glabrous, light green ; 

 lamina 6-8 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide ; petiole grooved above, con- 

 nate at the base, 1-5-2 mm. long. 



