556 OX SEEDLINGS 



ciliolate there only. Those of E. grandiflorum differ from those 

 of its congener in the upper surface being glabrous except at 

 the very base. It will thus be seen that the species of Clarkia 

 and Eucharidium differ from one another either in the shape 

 of the cotyledons, the marginal toothing, or the distribution 

 of the cilia or pubescence. 



The seedlings of (Enothera exhibit a great amount of varia- 

 tion in different species ; but they may be arranged in groups, 

 possessing well-recognised bonds of affinity. Those observed 

 may be grouped under six types. The first is represented by 

 (E. fruticosa. The plants are perennial with yellow flowers, 

 small, pale brown, smooth seeds, and diminutive slow-growing 

 seedlings, with broadly or roundly ovate, or rotund-elliptic, 

 entire cotyledons that scarcely differ from one another, and 

 exhibit no distinct foliar innovation or intercalary growth. 

 Other species agreeing with (E. fruticosa are (E. pumila, (E. 

 glauca, (E. serotina, (E. linearis and CE. rosea. The cotyle- 

 dons of the latter are more truncate at the base of the lamina 

 in some stages than the rest. 



The second type is represented by (E. taraxacifolia (fig. 363). 

 Both the seeds and seedlings are large, the plant perennial, 

 and the cotyledons oblong, emarginate, cuneate at the base with 

 long petioles, glandular-pubescent all over, and mostly entire. 

 In this latter respect they are very exceptional, inasmuch as 

 the primary leaves are obsoletely dentate. Sometimes a small 

 tooth is discernible on each side giving an indication perhaps 

 of the foliar nature of the lower portion. 



The third group consists of biennials with comparatively 

 large variously compressed and angled seeds, and an irregularly 

 thickened subcrustaceous testa as mentioned under ' Seeds ' 

 (p. 554). The seedlings are robust, and the cotyledons are 

 broadly ovate, obtuse, and indicate foliaceous, intercalary 

 growth in the lower portion by the venation, the ciliated 

 margin, and more or less by a shallow constriction above the 

 middle or a small tooth on each side. The constriction and 

 the teeth are rather obscure however in many cases. This 

 type is exemplified by (E. biennis (fig. 365). An exception to 

 the general form of the cotyledons while yet in the seed was 

 mentioned above, and in the seedling state individuals occur 



