18 ON SEEDLINGS 



curved and somewhat flask-shaped, owing to the greatly elongated 

 part containing the radicle and micropyle, conforming to the interior 

 of the cell, pale brown, glabrous ; testa and tegmen both thin and 

 membranous ; hilum at the notch on one side formed by the curva- 

 ture of the seed ; micropyle at a much higher level, being carried 

 up by the elongation of the part containing the radicle. 



Endosperm central, of moderate quantity, farinaceous or mealy, 

 pure white. 



Embryo large, curved, peripheral, and nearly entirely surround- 

 ing the endosperm, almost colourless ; cotyledons incumbent, linear, 

 obtuse, entire, plano-convex, lying in the narrow plane of the seed 

 with their backs to the axis of the fruit ; radicle terete, obtuse, 

 somewhat longer than the cotyledons, and nearer to the axis of the 

 fruit. 



(A) Seedling appearing above ground from a seed taken out of 

 the fruit before sowing. 



(B) Fruit that had been soaked in water before sowing. It is 

 many-celled and many-seeded, and the radicles of two germinating 

 embryos are shown. The upper end of the fruit is shown in the 

 sketch. 



(c) From another fruit showing upper end, two sides, and the 

 turbinate base, B. The embryo is further advanced in this case. 

 (The fruit had been soaked.) 



(D) Whether seed or fruits are sown, the embryo rises clear out 

 of either if properly covered with soil. At this stage (four days 

 after germination) the hypocotyl is glabrous, colourless or reddish 

 at the top, and the cotyledons are linear, obtuse, entire, glabrous 

 and slightly narrowed to the base where they are stained with 

 red. 



UMBELLIFER.E. 



Benth. et Hook. Gen. PI i. 859. 



Fruit and Seed. The ovary is inferior and consists of two 

 carpels united so as to form two cells ; it is rarely one-celled by 

 abortion. The ovules are solitary in each cell, suspended 

 from the top, and anatropous. The fruit is a cremocarp, 

 ultimately splitting into equal portions called mericarps, each 

 furnished with five primary ridges and sometimes four 



