UMBELLIFER.E 25 



first one being suborbicular and dentate ; the second and third 

 oblong, subcordate, and finely serrate ; while the fourth is 

 tripartite with leaflet-like segments. The first leaf of Carum 

 Carvi is ternately cut nearly to the base ; that of Ptychotis 

 Ajowan (fig. 412) is tripartite with cuneate segments ; and 

 Daucus Carota is closely similar. 



The fifth group includes a number of species with linear 

 or narrowly linear greatly elongated cotyledons. Those 

 of Fosniculum vulgare (fig. 413) are 3-3*5 cm. long. The 

 primary leaves generally show a high state of division. 

 In this case the first is bipinnatisect at the base with 

 linear segments; and the second is three or four times 

 pinnatisect. Cuminum Cyminum, Myrrhis odorata, Scandix 

 Pecten-Veneris and Aciphylla squarrosa (fig. 414) also agree 

 in having narrow cotyledons. Those of Myrrhis odorata vary 

 from 9-11-2 cm. in length, and are distinctly widened above 

 the middle, beneath which they taper into the greatly elon- 

 gated petiole. The first leaf is bi- to tri-pinnatifid. That of 

 Scandix Pecten-Veneris is tripinnatifid, with short, lanceo- 

 late segments ; and the second is even more divided. The 

 cotyledons are exceedingly narrow and 6'4-6'8 cm. long. 

 Those of Aciphylla squarrosa are 3'6-4'3 cm. long, narrowly 

 linear, scarcely tapered to the sheathing base, coriaceous and 

 persistent, a very unusual circumstance in the Order. A 

 considerable number of the primary leaves of this remarkable 

 plant resemble the cotyledons, but are several times longer 

 and tipped with a spine. The first three are linear and entire ; 

 the fourth with one lateral segment ; the fifth with two lateral 

 segments, followed by a number which are again entire. 

 Divided leaves may, however, vary in their sequence in 

 different seedlings. The ultimate leaves are bipinnatisect 

 with linear, entire, spiny-tipped divaricate segments, arranged 

 at least in two different planes. 



Hydrocotyle vulgaris, L. (fig. 405). 



Primary root slender, flexuose, with a few lateral rootlets. 

 Hypocotyl pale greenish, tapering downwards, about 3 mm. long. 

 Cotyledons small, subsessile, ovate, obtuse or subacute, glabrous, 

 2-75 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, petiole about -5-1 mm. long. 



Stem herbaceous, procumbent, creeping and rooting, terete, 



