ARALIACE.E 43 



No. 5. Similar to No. 4, but not yet developed. 



This variety differs from the type, Hedera Helix (fig. 418), in the 

 fourth leaf, in the narrower and more elongated lobes, and the nerves 

 ascending at a more acute angle. 



Tupidanthus calyptratus, Hook.f. et Thorns. 



Hypocotyl erect, thickest near the soil, square, glabrous, 3'5-4'5 

 cm. long, light green or almost colourless. 



Cotyledons ovate-oblong, obtuse, emarginate, with short petioles, 

 glabrous, light green, distinctly trinerved, like the foliage leaves. 



Stem with primary internodes undeveloped. 



First leaf simple, tridentate, cauline, alternate, exstipulate, 

 petiolate, ovate, acute, glabrous, subshiny green, trinerved ; petiole 

 comparatively long, channelled on the upper side. 



CORNACE^E. 



Benth. et Hook. Gen. PL i. 947. 



Fruit and Seed. As in the two preceding Orders, the ovary 

 here also is inferior. It has from one to four cells, with a 

 solitary anatropous ovule in each, suspended from the top of the 

 cavity, except in Garrya where there are two ovules in the one- 

 celled ovary which is formed from two carpels. The raphe is 

 lateral or dorsal, and the membranous testa is confluent with , 

 or inseparable from the endosperm. The fruit is most often 

 drupaceous with a fleshy or pulpy exocarp and a one- to four- 

 celled woody endocarp, more rarely separable into two boriy 

 or crustaceous one-seeded pieces. The seed is large, oblong, 

 or elongated cylindrical, sometimes compressed as in Marlea, 

 ovoid as in Aucuba, or linear as in Toricellia. Endosperm is 

 copious and fleshy ; in Alangium it is ruminate. The embryo 

 is comparatively large, cylindrical, and nearly as long as the 

 endosperm, or the cotyledons are much wider, in some cases 

 about equal to the width of the endosperm ; it is fleshy in 

 Kaliphora, but minute in Griselinia, Aucuba and Toricellia. 

 The radicle is superior and terete when elongated. 



Cornus alba is a fairly representative type. The oval 

 cotyledons are trinerved and opposite, but sometimes oblique 

 and slightly shorter than the terete radicle. One of the two 



