46 ON SEEDLINGS 



on the inner angles of the cells as in Leycesteria and Diervilla, 

 and anatropous with a dorsal or lateral raphe. The fruit is 

 variable in different genera and either baccate, drupaceous, 

 or dry and indehiscent, or capsular. In several species of 

 Lonicera the baccate fruits are united laterally in pairs. 

 When mature the number of cells is the same as in the ovary, 

 or may be reduced to one by the breaking up of the septa ; 

 each cell is one- to many- seeded. In some genera the fruit 

 is in a transition state, as the seeds in some of the cells 

 become aborted when quite young ; in some cases some 

 of the cells contain only one seed, while other cells of the 

 same fruit have many seeds. When the seeds are solitary 

 they are generally large and conform to the shape of the cell ; 

 but when numerous they are small and subglobular or 

 variously angled. The endocarp is sometimes leathery or 

 subwoody in baccate fruits, and the testa membranous, as in 

 Viburnum, or the testa may be leathery, crustaceous or spongy, 

 or winged along one side. Endosperm is copious and fleshy. 

 The embryo is generally very small, and embedded in the en- 

 dosperm close to the hilum, or it may elongate till it nearly 

 equals the endosperm in length, with ovate or oblong coty- 

 ledons and an elongated terete radicle. 



The last case is illustrated by Sambucus nigra, the fruit 

 of which is baccate and three-celled, with the endocarp of 

 each carpel forming a long thick layer enclosing and protect- 

 ing a solitary, oblong seed, with a very thin testa and a 

 lateral raphe. 



The fruits of Viburnum are baccate or dry and indehis- 

 cent, globose or variously compressed or terete, and one- or 

 spuriously three-celled. The endocarp is leathery or bony ; 

 and the solitary seed varies greatly in shape ; the testa is 

 membranous, the raphe lateral, and the embryo minute. 

 They may be divided into three groups, the first of which is 

 typified by V. Opulus. Although the fruit is globose, the 

 endocarp and seed are much compressed. In a few ex- 

 ceptional cases the fruit is bluntly trigonous with a rather 

 sharply trigonous endocarp and seed, pointing to the ancestral 

 condition of the tricarpellary ovary. 



In the young fruit the endocarp and seed seem to be gene- 



