RUBIACE^E 63 



ing this from the last group, and while still in the seed and in 

 the course of germination they are strictly ovate. After 

 leaving the testa they elongate or become cuneate at the base 

 and are then broadly oval or elliptic and trinerved. They 

 are remarkable although not unique in being stipulate like the 

 species of Psychotria above mentioned. While the cotyledons 

 are still in the germinating seed (fig. 431) the stipules form 

 minute protuberances covered with unicellular hairs. After 

 germination and while the cotyledons are still broadly ovate, 

 the stipules enlarge, and although still very small they 

 serve to protect the plumule lying as a little bud between 

 them. A more marked type is represented by Morinda 

 tiiictoria, the cotyledons of which are broadly elliptic and 

 penninerved with ascending nerves as happens more com- 

 monly in true leaves. The first pair of the latter in this case 

 are linear-lanceolate and many times narrower than the coty- 

 ledons. Pavetta speciosa may also be placed here. The 

 cotyledons are penninerved and stipulate.; and the two first 

 pairs of leaves are oblong, tapering at the base. A fourth 

 type includes those species having orbicular or transversely 

 oblong cotyledons. An herbaceous type is represented by 

 Sherardia arvensis (fig. 444) having orbicular entire tri- 

 nerved cotyledons. The leaves closely correspond to those of 

 Galium ; the first pair are obovate, with smaller but similarly 

 foliaceous stipules. In the next two whorls the leaves and 

 stipules more nearly approximate in size, and there are only 

 two stipules. As the plant assumes the adult form, the leaves 

 become lanceolate and each pair possesses two pairs of stipules 

 similar to themselves, making a whorl of six. Pavetta mada- 

 gascariensis (fig. 435) is a shrubby type with transversely 

 oblong or suborbicular cotyledons and triangular interpetiolar 

 stipules. The two first pairs of leaves are elliptic-oblong. The 

 cotyledons of Gardenia globosa are similar and trinerved, and 

 the first three pairs of leaves are oblong, obtuse, and more 

 or less pubescent. In Gardenia Thunbergia (fig. 429) the 

 cotyledons are obovate, emarginate and penninerved. The 

 first five pairs of leaves are obovate, penninerved and tapered 

 to the base. The ultimate ones are lanceolate-elliptic, 

 attenuated at the base and opposite, or in whorls of three. 



