108 ON SEEDLINGS 



of Bidens ferulsefolia are pinnatifid, and the cotyledons linear- 

 spathulate. Those of Heterospermum diversifolium are 

 spathulate while the leaves are opposite, or verticillate in 

 threes, and the first pair linear-spathulate, as is the first 

 one of Haplopappus, all the others being alternate and the 

 cotyledons linear-spathulate. Those of Urospermum are 

 broader and more typical ; and the first leaf is oval, entire, 

 and ciliated. The cotyledons of Ehagadiolus stellatus (fig. 

 487) conform to the type, but the species belongs to the tribe 

 Cichoriaceee, and has runcinate leaves decurrent upon the 

 petiole ; the first one has a broadly-elliptic and short lamina 

 suddenly cuneate at the base and decurrent upon the petiole. 

 Gerbera lanuginosa (fig. 484) forms a rather distinct type with 

 spathulate-oblong cotyledons and slender petioles. The first 

 leaf is rhomboid and angled while the second is cordate, 

 and the ultimate ones lyrate-pinnatifid, or slightly runcinate. 

 The cotyledons of Coreopsis laciniata, C. tinctoria, C. coronata 

 and others have shortly and rather broadly spathulate coty- 

 ledons, tapering into long petioles. The leaves of the first 

 pair are spathulate, rather broader than the cotyledons, and 

 those of the second often similar but broader, and C. coronata 

 may have several pairs which are oval or bluntly elliptic and 

 entire. A striking departure from the type, and a rare 

 form amongst the Compositae is presented by C. Atkin- 

 soniana (fig. 461). The cotyledons are unequal, a character 

 due to the fruit being considerably curved and concave. Im- 

 mediately after germination they are broadly oval, tapered 

 to the base and sessile, but they gradually become petiol- 

 ate. Other rather exceptional cases are met with in Layia 

 heterotricha (fig. 466) and L. elegans, the cotyledons of which 

 are spathulate, emarginate, rather retuse and cuneate at 

 the base. 



With the exception of Senecio erucsefolius and S, cruentus, 

 and the two rare types above given, all the other species 

 coming under my notice agree pretty closely with one another 

 in the shape of their cotyledons, which may be described as 

 oblong- spathulate, and as a rule suddenly tapered into a 

 rather long petiole. S. vulgaris represents this type pretty 

 fairly. The first leaf is spathulate, obsoletely serrate; the 



