COMPOSITE 111 



(fig. 479) strongly resembles that of a Carduus or Cnicus, but 

 the cotyledons are shorter and less tapered at the base. The 

 first two leaves are elliptical and spiny- serrate, while the 

 ultimate ones are ligulate or oblanceolate, undulately lobed 

 and spiny. Sonchus squarrosus and S. arvensis belonging to 

 the tribe Cichoriacese have obovate emarginate cotyledons. 

 The first leaf of S. squarrosus is roundly ovate and dentate. 

 Helianthus cucumerifolius (fig. 459), also belonging to a very 

 different affinity from Carduus, or Venidium, has obovate, 

 entire or slightly emarginate, shortly petiolate cotyledons. 

 The first pair of leaves are oblong and entire ; the second 

 pair lanceolate ; and from thence they pass through ovate 

 to cordate or triangular forms all more or less distinctly 

 dentate-serrate. 



The ovate type of cotyledon is well represented by Mutisia 

 ilicifolia (fig. 483). Here the cotyledons are ovate, acute, 

 fleshy, both turned upon one side and recurved. The first 

 three leaves are ovate or cordate, and repandly spiny-toothed. 

 The cotyledons of M. copiapina are oblong-ovate, acute, of 

 great size, spreading, with numerous, faint, incurved nerves. 

 The first three leaves are oblong, sessile, and repandly 

 spiny-toothed. In Ainslisea fragrans the cotyledons are 

 much smaller, ovate, obtuse and trinerved beneath. The first 

 leaf is roundly cordate and pubescent. Gamolepis annua has 

 broadly oblong-ovate, emarginate cotyledons, and the first 

 two leaves at least are deeply pinnatifid with linear or 

 narrowly lanceolate segments. G. Tagetes differs consider- 

 ably from the last named in having oval cotyledons with a 

 cuneate base. The first leaf is deeply trifid and all succeed- 

 ing ones are pinnatisect with linear segments. Both species 

 are annuals. 



The only species having truly lanceolate cotyledons coming 

 under my notice is Gonospermum fruticosum. The cotyledons 

 are linear-lanceolate, trinerved, sessile, subacute, and 6'5 to 

 7*5 cm. long. The first leaf is narrowly ovate, and serrate. 

 The three following are pinnatisect with three segments each, 

 of which the lateral ones are very small, and the terminal 

 ones like the first leaf, except that they are more cuneate at 

 the base. 



