150 ON SEEDLINGS 



Cotyledons broadly obovate-oblong, entire, glabrous, 1'05 cm. 

 long, about 9 mm. wide, amplexicaul. 



Leaves simple, radical and cauline, alternate, sessile. 



Nos. 1 and 2. Elliptical, irregularly spiny-serrulate with small 

 prickles between the larger ones, pilose and 

 bright green above, rather woolly and paler 

 beneath, penninerved. 



Ultimate leaves sessile, linear-oblan- 

 ceolate, decurrent on the stem, lobulate 

 with the margin undulate and densely 

 spiny, the lobes tipped by a larger spine, 

 covered with coarse jointed hairs above, and 

 woolly or cottony beneath ; upper cauline 

 leaves much narrower, linear and some- 

 what broader above the middle, more 

 deeply lobulate, with somewhat stronger 

 spines. 



Chmddia ToUTnefortii, L. 



Nat< 9ize- Hypocotyl very stout, buried in the soil 



or rising from 3-15 mm. above it, emerging from one end of the 

 fruit in germination while the radicle emerges from the other. 



Cotyledons oblong, obtuse, entire and rounded at the base, and 

 flat, or variously and unequally emarginate at the apex with a deep 

 longitudinal channel or furrow along the centre or towards one 

 side, and bluntly keeled beneath, fleshy, glabrous, with very diffi- 

 cultly discernible reticulate venation, sessile, connate at the base 

 and forming a long sheath from whence the first leaf emerges while 

 the plumule is still hidden, 2'5-3'2 cm. long, 1-1-5 cm. wide, 

 (sometimes though rarely toothed near the apex). The furrow in 

 the cotyledons is probably due to their being folded longitudinally 

 in the seed. 



Leaves simple, radical and cauline, alternate, exstipulate. 



First leaf strap-shaped, involute at the base, where it emerges 

 from the sheath of the cotyledons, thickly and unequally serrate 

 with small spiny bristles or teeth ; venation incurved and reticu- 

 late. 



Carduus giganteus, Desf. 

 Hypocotyl very short, erect, terete, glabrous. 

 Cotyledons long, obovate-oblong, fleshy, obtuse, slightly emar- 

 ginate, petiolate, glabrous, green, pinnatinerved. 

 Stem with the primary internodes undeveloped. 



