COMPOSITE 153 



Leaves radical and cauline, alternate, petiole dilated and sheath- 

 ing at the base, more or less hairy or villous at the margin and 

 beneath, variegated on the upper surface with ascending and 

 anastomosing, broad, milk-white veins on a bright green ground, 

 paler green on the under side. 



Nos. 1 and 2. Oval, obtuse, cuneate at the base, doubly spiny- 

 toothed, sparsely setose on the upper surface, and villous on the 

 midrib beneath. 



Nos. 3 and 4. Oblong, obtuse, pinnatifid, cuneate at the base, 

 doubly spiny-toothed. Otherwise like Nos. 1 and 2. 



Ultimate leaves oblong-lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid, decur- 

 rent on the petiole and auricled at the base, woolly on the midrib 

 and papillose on both surfaces, ultimately glabrous, bright green, 

 reticulated with milky-white veins ; lobes broadly deltoid, lobulate, 

 and spiny-serrate, with a large spine terminating each lobe and 

 large tooth. 



Tyrimnus leucographus, Cass. 



Primary root strong, tapering downwards, normal, annual. 



Hypocotyl short or hardly developed. 



Cotyledons oblong, obtuse, entire, tipped with a pale gland, sub- 

 fleshy with a strong midrib and indistinctly discernible, alternate, 

 ascending nerves finely but very indistinctly reticulate, tapering at 

 the base into a short broad petiole which is connate with the other 

 one, glabrous, shining on both surfaces, light green above, paler 

 beneath, l'8-2'2 cm. long including the petiole, 9-10'5 mm. 

 wide. 



Stem erect, annual, developed when about to flower, and winged 

 by the decurrent bases of the leaves ; primary internodes unde- 

 veloped. 



Leaves simple, radical and cauline, alternate, a few of the 

 primary leaves petiolate, the rest sessile ; nerves alternate and 

 incurving, strongly reticulate ; thinly hairy on both surfaces, with 

 soft, whitish, jointed hairs, bright green, shining, and irregularly 

 blotched with white markings on the upper surface, uniformly pale 

 green, almost glaucous beneath ; petioles of first few leaves very 

 short, flat above, convex on the back, thinly hairy. 



Nos. 1 and 2. Oval, obtuse, shortly petiolate, irregularly and 

 minutely spiny-toothed. 



Nos. 8-5. Oblong, or oblong-obovate, lobulate, and irregularly 

 spiny-toothed. 



Cauline leaves sinuately lobate or pinnatifid, irregularly spiny- 

 toothed, decurrent on the stem, forming wings. 



