530 OX SEEDLINGS 



penninerved with the basal pair of nerves the strongest. The 

 leaves of the adult are doubly serrate or even somewhat 

 lobed. 



The cotyledons of Alnus cordifolia (fig. 666) are oblong- 

 oval, entire, and obscurely trinerved at the base. The first 

 two leaves are broadly ovate ; and the three following ones are 

 more or less cordate and broad ; all are serrate. The cotyle- 

 dons of Alnus incana laciniata differ in being broadly oval, 

 emarginate, and faintly showing a midrib. The first leaf is 

 broadly cuneate and coarsely serrate. 



Carpinus Betulus (fig. 667) is very distinct from any of the 

 above, and has roundly obovate, shortly petiolate cotyledons 

 distinctly auricled at the base of the lamina. The first leaf is 

 broadly triangular, lobulate and serrate ; the second is ovate- 

 subcordate ; and the third ovate. All have a penninerved 

 venation, but this is particularly well marked in the adult 

 leaves, which are also plicate, and finely doubly serrate. 



One of the most striking types in the Order is that of Fagus 

 sylvatica (fig. 671) which has large, foliaceous, transversely oval 

 and sessile cotyledons, auricled at the base, and longitudinally 

 plicate, with many radiating forking veins, branching from 

 two primary ones and spreading over the lamina in a fan- 

 shaped manner. The lamina further is entire or obscurely 

 crenate along the apical margin, and is 1*7-3 cm. long and 

 3-4-7 cm. wide. This peculiar shape and great size is due 

 to their being membranous and much folded in the seed so as 

 to occupy the whole interior of the triquetrous fruit to which 

 the trigonous seed conforms. The first two leaves are opposite, 

 ovate, obscurely dentate, penninerved, with the veins slightly 

 incurved at their tips or running into the marginal teeth. 

 The third leaf is alternate, broadly ovate, obscurely crenate, 

 much smaller than the first two, and generally terminates the 

 first season's growth. 



The cotyledons of Quercus Hex (fig. 670) are oblong, plano- 

 convex, fleshy and subterranean. They are auricled at the 

 base and petiolate, and although the pericarp splits longi- 

 tudinally when they swell during germination, they never 

 quit the acorn. The first five leaves are linear-subulate, 

 minute, scarious, brownish and caducous. The sixth is some- 



